针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 开发的疫苗范围提供了一个研究跨不同平台免疫的独特机会。在单一中心队列中，我们分析了16种组合接种的五类新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗（包括腺病毒、mRNA和灭活病毒）后的体液和细胞免疫系统。对于腺病毒和灭活病毒疫苗，异源组合通常比同源方案更免疫原性。mRNA 疫苗作为第二剂量导致了最强的抗体反应，并引起了最高频率的钩刺结合记忆 B 细胞，不论是 使用何种初级疫苗。使用灭活病毒疫苗作为初级剂量增加了SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞反应，而增强剂量则没有。不同的疫苗组合引起了不同的免疫标记，说明免疫反应受应用疫苗类型和其交付顺序的影响。这些数据为改进未来对抗病原体和癌症的疫苗策略提供了框架。©2023年作者。

The range of vaccines developed against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) provides a unique opportunity to study immunization across different platforms. In a single-center cohort, we analyzed the humoral and cellular immune compartments following five coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines spanning three technologies (adenoviral, mRNA and inactivated virus) administered in 16 combinations. For adenoviral and inactivated-virus vaccines, heterologous combinations were generally more immunogenic compared to homologous regimens. The mRNA vaccine as the second dose resulted in the strongest antibody response and induced the highest frequency of spike-binding memory B cells irrespective of the priming vaccine. Priming with the inactivated-virus vaccine increased the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response, whereas boosting did not. Distinct immune signatures were elicited by the different vaccine combinations, demonstrating that the immune response is shaped by the type of vaccines applied and the order in which they are delivered. These data provide a framework for improving future vaccine strategies against pathogens and cancer.© 2023. The Author(s).