可改变的风险因素（饮酒、吸烟、肥胖、激素使用和身体活动）会影响女性乳腺癌（BC）的风险。这些因素是否会影响患有遗传风险（家族史、BRCA1/2突变或家族性癌症综合征）的女性的乳腺癌风险尚不清楚。本综述包括了涉及患有遗传风险的女性乳腺癌可改变风险因素的研究，使用了预先确定的资格标准并提取了相关数据。文献检索结果显示，共有93项符合资格的研究。对于有家族史的女性，大多数研究表明可改变的风险因素与乳腺癌无关，有些表明可降低（身体活动），或增加风险（激素避孕药（HC）/绝经期激素治疗（MHT）、吸烟、饮酒）。对于携带BRCA突变的女性，大多数研究报告显示可改变的风险因素与乳腺癌无关，但有些观察到增加风险（吸烟、MHT/HC、身体质量指数（BMI）/体重），或降低风险（饮酒、戒烟、MHT/HC、BMI/体重、身体活动）。然而，研究中的测量变量差异很大，样本量通常较小，而且研究数量有限。由于越来越多的妇女会意识到自己潜在的乳腺癌遗传风险并寻求降低风险，因此需要进一步研究来更好地了解可改变的风险因素如何影响患有遗传风险的妇女的乳腺癌风险。©2023年，作者（们）。

Modifiable risk factors (alcohol, smoking, obesity, hormone use, and physical activity) affect a woman's breast cancer (BC) risk. Whether these factors affect BC risk in women with inherited risk (family history, BRCA1/2 mutations, or familial cancer syndrome) remains unclear.This review included studies on modifiable risk factors for BC in women with inherited risk. Pre-determined eligibility criteria were used and relevant data were extracted.The literature search resulted in 93 eligible studies. For women with family history, most studies indicated that modifiable risk factors had no association with BC and some indicated decreased (physical activity) or increased risk (hormonal contraception (HC)/menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), smoking, alcohol). For women with BRCA mutations, most studies reported no association between modifiable risk factors and BC; however, some observed increased (smoking, MHT/HC, body mass index (BMI)/weight) and decreased risk (alcohol, smoking, MHT/HC, BMI/weight, physical activity). However, measurements varied widely among studies, sample sizes were often small, and a limited number of studies existed.An increasing number of women will recognize their underlying inherited BC risk and seek to modify that risk. Due to heterogeneity and limited power of existing studies, further studies are needed to better understand how modifiable risk factors influence BC risk in women with inherited risk.© 2023. The Author(s).