植物来源的未加工食品，尤其是全谷类食品，被认为是人类饮食中促进健康的成分。虽然大多数研究已知的效果源于它们的高纤维含量和低升糖指数，但是营养学家最近更加重视未受重视的酚类植物营养素的存在。在此回顾中，我们报道并讨论了3,5-二羟基苯甲酸（3,5-DHBA）的来源和生物活性方面的发现，它既是一种直接的膳食成分（例如在苹果中发现），更重要的是它是全谷类食品来源烷基间苯二酚（ARs）的关键代谢物。3,5-DHBA是HCAR1/GPR81受体的新型外源性激动剂。我们关注3,5-DHBA在神经系统中的HCAR1介导的效应、细胞干性的维持、癌变的调节以及对抗癌疗法的反应等方面的研究发现和讨论。出乎意料的是，恶性肿瘤利用HCAR1表达来感知3,5-DHBA以支持它们的生长。因此，有迫切需要全面确定全谷类来源的3,5-DHBA在抗癌疗法期间的作用及其通过其特定的HCAR1受体对身体重要器官的调节方面的贡献。我们在这里详细讨论了3,5-DHBA在人类生理和病理情况下的调节能力可能产生的后果。

Nonprocessed foodstuffs of plant origin, especially whole-grain cereals, are considered to be health-promoting components of the human diet. While most of their well-studied effects derive from their high fiber content and low glycemic index, the presence of underrated phenolic phytonutrients has recently been brought to the attention of nutritionists. In this review, we report and discuss findings on the sources and bioactivities of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA), which is both a direct dietary component (found, e.g., in apples) and, more importantly, a crucial metabolite of whole-grain cereal-derived alkylresorcinols (ARs). 3,5-DHBA is a recently described exogenous agonist of the HCAR1/GPR81 receptor. We concentrate on the HCAR1-mediated effects of 3,5-DHBA in the nervous system, on the maintenance of cell stemness, regulation of carcinogenesis, and response to anticancer therapy. Unexpectedly, malignant tumors take advantage of HCAR1 expression to sense 3,5-DHBA to support their growth. Thus, there is an urgent need to fully identify the role of whole-grain-derived 3,5-DHBA during anticancer therapy and its contribution in the regulation of vital organs of the body via its specific HCAR1 receptor. We discuss here in detail the possible consequences of the modulatory capabilities of 3,5-DHBA in physiological and pathological conditions in humans.