唾液酸（Sias）是脊椎动物细胞表面超过50种不同结构的酸性糖，它们是唾液酸衍生物。它们作为细胞外糖脂和糖蛋白中糖基链的终止者。特别是，在细胞间和宿主-病原体相互作用中，Sias具有重要意义，并参与各种生物过程，包括神经发育，神经退行性疾病，受精和肿瘤迁移。然而，Sia也存在于我们的一些日常饮食中，特别是在共轭形式（唾液糖）中，如可食用的燕窝，红肉，乳汁，牛奶和鸡蛋中。其中，乳汁，尤其是初乳，含有高浓度的唾液酸寡糖。许多综述已经专注于Sia作为身体细胞组分的生理功能及其与疾病发生的关系。然而，通过饮食摄入Sias对人体健康产生重要影响，可能通过调节肠道菌群的组成和代谢。在本综述中，我们总结了特定唾液酸丰富饮食（包括人乳，牛乳，红肉和鸡蛋）的分布，结构和生物学功能。

Sialic acids (Sias), a group of over 50 structurally distinct acidic saccharides on the surface of all vertebrate cells, are neuraminic acid derivatives. They serve as glycan chain terminators in extracellular glycolipids and glycoproteins. In particular, Sias have significant implications in cell-to-cell as well as host-to-pathogen interactions and participate in various biological processes, including neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, fertilization, and tumor migration. However, Sia is also present in some of our daily diets, particularly in conjugated form (sialoglycans), such as those in edible bird's nest, red meats, breast milk, bovine milk, and eggs. Among them, breast milk, especially colostrum, contains a high concentration of sialylated oligosaccharides. Numerous reviews have concentrated on the physiological function of Sia as a cellular component of the body and its relationship with the occurrence of diseases. However, the consumption of Sias through dietary sources exerts significant influence on human health, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota's composition and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the distribution, structure, and biological function of particular Sia-rich diets, including human milk, bovine milk, red meat, and egg.