探究急性髓系白血病（AML）患者异基因造血干细胞移植（Allo-HSCT）后急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）发生与各种免疫细胞组成之间的关系。本研究回顾性分析了我院104例进行Allo-HSCT治疗的AML患者的临床数据，分析了造血重建和GVHD的发生情况。采用流式细胞术检测移植物中各种免疫细胞的比例，计算和比较了不同程度aGVHD患者的移植物组成，并分析aGVHD严重程度与移植物中免疫细胞组分的相关性。总核细胞（TNC）数量高组和低组的造血重建时间无显著差异，但在CD34高组，中性粒细胞和血小板重建时间显著快于CD34低组（P<0.05），住院时间也倾向于缩短。与0-Ι aGVHD组患者相比，无论是HLA相配还是HLA半相合移植，Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD组患者的CD3+细胞、CD3+CD4+细胞、CD3+CD8+细胞、NK细胞和CD14+单核细胞的输注量更高，但差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。此外，在HLA半相合移植患者中，Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD组的CD4+CD25+细胞数量显著低于0-Ι aGVHD组（P<0.05），在HLA相配移植患者中也观察到了相似的趋势，但差异不显著（P=0.078）。移植物中CD34+细胞数量高对AML患者的造血重建有益，而在一定程度上，CD3+细胞、CD3+CD4+细胞、CD3+CD8+细胞、NK细胞和CD14+细胞数量的增加倾向于增加aGVHD的发生率，而CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的数量增加有助于降低AML患者aGVHD的发生率。

To explore the relationship between occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and various immune cell composition in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).The clinical data of 104 patients with AML undergoing allo-HSCT in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the hematopoietic reconstitution and occurrence of GVHD were analyzed. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of various types of immune cells in the grafts, the number of graft composition in patients with different degrees of aGVHD was calculated and compared, and to analyze the correlation between the severity of aGVHD in AML patients after allo-HSCT and the immune cell components in the graft.There was no significant difference in the time of hematopoietic reconstitution between the high number group of total number of nucleated cells (TNC) and the low number group, while the time of neutrophil and platelet reconstruction in the high number of CD34 group was significantly faster than that in the low number of CD34 group (P＜0.05), and the total hospital stay also tends to be shorten. Compared with patients in 0-Ι aGVHD group, both HLA-matched and HLA-haploidentical transplantation, the infusion amounts of CD3+ cells, CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+ cells, NK cells and CD14+ monocytes were higher in patients of Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD group， but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); In addition, in patients with HLA-haploidentical transplantation, the number of CD4+CD25+ cells in Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD group was significantly lower than that in 0-Ι aGVHD group (P<0.05), and the same trend was also observed in HLA-matched transplanted patients, but the difference was not significant (P=0.078).High number of CD34+ cells in the graft is beneficial to hematopoietic reconstitution in AML patients. To a certain degree, high number of CD3+ cells, CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+ cells, NK cells and CD14+ cells tend to increase the occurrence of aGVHD, but high number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is beneficial to reduce the incidence of aGVHD in AML patients.