儿童和青少年骨肉瘤和尤因肉瘤需要特定年龄组间的跨学科诊断和治疗才能实现最佳治疗效果。本文根据选择性搜索、相关指南和作者在综合性肿瘤中心的丰富经验，介绍了儿童和青少年恶性骨肿瘤的诊断和治疗。骨肉瘤占儿童和青少年恶性肿瘤的约5％，其中最常见的类型是尤因肉瘤和骨肉瘤。患者通常直到症状发作较久之后才被转诊到专业医疗机构，并且他们和他们的医生很少考虑到骨肿瘤的可能性，症状经常被忽视。不明原因的骨痛、肿胀和功能限制应该通过传统的X线检查来进行调查。在仔细的临床和放射学评估之后，应对不明原因的病变进行活检。多模式治疗包括新辅助化疗、尽可能保肢的切除和放疗等治疗方法。在多中心研究中，如果患者的疾病是局部的，骨肉瘤患者达到无事件生存率的案例为64％，如果有转移，为28％; 尤因肉瘤患者的相应数字分别为80％和27％。实施当前的治疗建议，大多数患有恶性骨肿瘤的儿童和青少年都可以获得成功的治疗和治愈的意愿。这些患者应该转诊到肉瘤中心进行诊断和治疗。

Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma in children and adolescents require agespecific interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.The diagnosis and treatment of malignant bone tumors in childhood and adolescence are presented in the light of publications retrieved by a selective search, pertinent guidelines, and the authors' extensive experience in an interdisciplinary cancer center.Bone sarcomas make up approximately 5% of all malignancies in children and adolescents; the most common types are Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Patients are often not referred to a specialized center until long after the onset of symptoms, as they and their physicians rarely consider the possibility of a bone tumor, and the symptoms are often trivialized. Bone pain of unknown origin, swelling, and functional limitations should be investigated with conventional x-rays. Lesions of unclear origin should be biopsied after a meticulous clinical and radiologic evaluation. Multimodal treatment consists of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, limb-preserving resection if possible, and radiotherapy where indicated. In multicenter studies, patients with osteosarcoma achieve event-free survival in 64% of cases if their disease is localized, and 28% if it is metastatic; the corresponding figures for patients with Ewing's sarcoma are 80% and 27%, respectively.With implementation of the current treatment recommendations, most children and adolescents with malignant bone tumors can be treated successfully with curative intent. These patients should be referred to a sarcoma center for diagnosis and treatment.