乳腺癌是全球女性中最常见的癌症。核医学在患者管理中扮演着重要角色，不仅在初期分期时，也在随后的随访中发挥作用。乳腺癌研究所使用的放射性药物已被使用了50多年，并且根据最新指南建议，其中的几种仍在临床实践中使用。本文章是一篇关键审查文献，概述了过去几十年来使用的核医学程序。此次审查主要关注每项传统核医学和PET/CT检查的当前临床适应症，并提供客观的信息。本文还提到放射性核素治疗，主要总结了缓解转移性骨痛症的方法。最后，讨论了核医学领域的最新发展和未来展望。在这方面，讨论了新的放射性药物不仅用于诊断还用于治疗的潜在前景，以及使用定量成像特征作为潜在生物标志物的可行性。尽管核医学已经走过了很长的路程，但看起来它将会继续受益于临床实践，为乳腺癌患者提供更好的医疗保健方法。

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide. Nuclear medicine plays an important role in patient management, not only in initial staging, but also during follow-up. Radiopharmaceuticals to study breast cancer have been used for over 50 years, and several of these are still used in clinical practice, according to the most recent guideline recommendations.In this critical review, an overview of nuclear medicine procedures used during the last decades is presented. Current clinical indications of each of the conventional nuclear medicine and PET/CT examinations are the focus of this review, and are objectively provided. Radionuclide therapies are also referred, mainly summarizing the methods to palliate metastatic bone pain. Finally, recent developments and future perspectives in the field of nuclear medicine are discussed. In this context, the promising potential of new radiopharmaceuticals not only for diagnosis, but also for therapy, and the use of quantitative imaging features as potential biomarkers, are addressed.Despite the long way nuclear medicine has gone through, it looks like it will continue to benefit clinical practice, paving the way to improve healthcare provided to patients with breast cancer.