肿瘤溶解综合征（TLS）是一种危及生命的肿瘤急症。TLS罕见且在实体瘤中的死亡率高于血液恶性肿瘤。我们的病例报告及文献综述旨在确定乳腺癌中TLS的特异性特征和危害。一名41岁的女性抱怨呕吐和上腹疼痛，并被诊断为HER2阳性，激素受体阳性乳腺癌，伴有多发性肝骨转移和淋巴管癌瘤病变。她有多个TLS风险因素：高肿瘤体积，高敏感性抗肿瘤治疗，多发性肝转移，高乳酸脱氢酶水平和高尿酸血症。为预防TLS，她接受输液和费布索司坦治疗。在接受曲妥珠单抗和帕珥珠单抗第一疗程治疗的一天后，她被诊断为弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）。经过又观察3天，她解除DIC，并在无生命威胁的情况下接受了降低剂量的紫杉醇治疗。患者经过四个抗HER2疗法和化疗周期后，达到部分缓解。实体瘤TLS是一种致命情况，可以合并DIC。及早识别TLS风险患者并开始治疗是避免致命情况的关键。版权所有©2023 International Institute of Anticancer Research（George J. Delinasios博士），保留所有权利。

Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncological emergency. TLS is rare and associated with a higher mortality rate in solid tumours than in haematological malignancies. Our case report and literature review aimed to identify the distinctive features and hazards of TLS in breast cancer.A 41-year-old woman complained of vomiting and epigastric pain and was diagnosed with HER2-positive, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer with multiple liver and bone metastases and lymphangitis carcinomatosis. She had several risk factors for TLS: high tumour volume, high sensitivity to antineoplastic treatment, multiple liver metastases, high lactate dehydrogenase levels, and hyperuricaemia. To prevent TLS, she was treated with hydration and febuxostat. One day after the first course of trastuzumab and pertuzumab, she was diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). After 3 further days of observation, she was relieved of DIC and administered a reduced dose of paclitaxel without life-threatening complications. The patient achieved a partial response after four cycles of anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy.TLS in solid tumours is a lethal situation and can be complicated by DIC. Early recognition of patients who are at risk of TLS and initiation of therapy is essential to avoid fatal situations.Copyright © 2023 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.