蜜蜂疗法是肿瘤研究中的一个新兴领域，特别是在发展中社区。蜜蜂毒液中的主要成分Melittin（MEL）具有对癌细胞的细胞毒性。据推测，蜜蜂的基因型和采蜜时间会影响其对某些类型的癌症的特定活性。因此，在不同季节（春季、夏季和秋季）收集了约旦原始蜜蜂毒液（JCBV），并研究了其体外抗肿瘤效果。收集于春季的蜜蜂毒液中含有最高量的MEL，与其他时间收集的毒液相比。将春收JCBV提取物和MEL分别用于不死的骨髓性白血病细胞系K562的处理，并通过流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡形态和细胞死亡调节基因表达。结果表明，春季收集的JCBV提取物和MEL的IC50分别为3.7±0.37μg/ml和1.84±0.75μg/ml。与JCBV和阳性对照相比，MEL处理细胞表现为迟发性凋亡，有中等程度的G0/G1期细胞阻滞和G2/M期细胞增多。MEL和JCBV处理的细胞NF-κB/MAPK14轴的表达被抑制，c-MYC和CDK4的表达也被抑制，ABL1、JUN和TNF的表达则明显上调。总之，春季采集的JCBV含有最高的MEL含量，而JCBV和纯MEL对K562白血病细胞展现出细胞凋亡、坏死和细胞周期阻滞效率。蜜蜂毒液在化疗中的应用需要更多的研究，并应谨慎地转化为临床使用。在此类翻译过程中，应对蜜蜂基因型、采集时间和CBV中MEL浓度的相关性进行概述。© 2023.作者（们）。

Apitherapy is an emerging field in cancer research, particularly in developing communities. The potency of Melittin (MEL), a major constituent in bee venom is accounted for the cytotoxic capacity against cancer cells. It is postulated that the genotype of bees and the time of venom collection influences its specific activity against certain types of cancer.Hereby, Jordanian crude bee venom (JCBV) was collected during different seasons of the year, specifically spring, summer and autumn and investigated for in vitro antitumour effects. Venom collected during springtime comprised the highest quantity of MEL in comparison to venom collected some other time. Springtime-collected JCBV extract and MEL were tested on an immortal myelogenous leukaemia cell line, namely K562 leukemic cells. Treated cells were examined for cell modality via flow cytometry analysis and cell death mediating gene expressions.Springtime-collected JCBV extract and MEL showed an IC50 of 3.7 ± 0.37 μg/ml and 1.84 ± 0.75 μg/ml, respectively. In comparison to JCBV and positive control, MEL-treated cells exhibited late apoptotic death with a moderate cellular arrest at G0/G1 and an increase of cell number at G2/M phase. Expression of NF-κB/MAPK14 axis was inhibited in MEL and JCBV-treated cells, as well as expression of c-MYC and CDK4. Moreover, marked upregulation in ABL1, JUN and TNF was observed. In conclusion, springtime-collected JCBV showed the highest content of MEL while both JCBV and pure MEL showed apoptotic, necrotic, and cell cycle arrest efficiency against K562 leukemic cells.Integration of bee venom in chemotherapy needs more investigation and should be carefully translated into clinical use. During such translation, the correlation of bee genotype, collection time and concentration of MEL in CBV should be profiled.© 2023. The Author(s).