糖尿病普遍被认为是癌症的危险因素，但是这种关联的证据仍然不确定，尤其是在亚洲国家缺乏相关研究的地区。我们的研究旨在估计泰国南部糖尿病患者的总体和特定类型的癌症风险。纳入了2004年至2018年间到访松卡拉尼加林医院门诊的糖尿病患者。使用基于医院的癌症登记表识别新诊断的癌症患者。使用年龄标准化发病率比（ASR）和标准化发病率比（SIR）估计和比较南部泰国糖尿病患者和普通人群的癌症风险。在研究期间，识别了29,314名糖尿病患者，其中1,113名患者出现了癌症。男女性别都存在总癌症风险的增加，男性的SIR为2.99 [2.65，3.39]，女性的SIR为3.51 [3.12，3.96]。观察到多个特定部位癌症的风险增加，包括肝癌、非黑色素皮肤癌、结肠癌和肺癌（男女性别都有）、前列腺癌、淋巴细胞白血病和多发性骨髓瘤（男性）以及子宫内膜癌、乳腺癌和甲状腺癌（女性）。我们的研究发现，糖尿病普遍增加了总体和特定部位癌症的风险。

Diabetes mellitus is widely thought to be a risk factors of cancers, but evidence of the association remains inconclusive, especially in Asian countries where few relevant studies have been conducted. Our study aimed to estimate overall and specific types of cancer risks among diabetes patients in Southern Thailand. Patients diagnosed with diabetes who visited the outpatient clinic of Songklanagarind Hospital during 2004 to 2018 were included. Newly diagnosed cancer patients were identified using the hospital-based cancer registry. Age-standardized incidence ratios (ASRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to estimate and compare the cancer risks among diabetes patients and the general population in Southern Thailand. Of 29,314 diabetes patients identified during the study period, 1,113 patients had developed cancer. An increased risk for overall cancer was observed in both genders, with SIRs [95% CI] of 2.99 [2.65, 3.39] in men and 3.51 [3.12, 3.96] in women. Increases in the risk of several site-specific cancers including liver cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, colon cancer and lung cancer in both sexes; prostate cancer, lymphoid leukemia, and multiple myeloma in men; and endometrial, breast, and thyroid cancer in women were observed. Our study found that diabetes generally increased the risk of both overall and site-specific cancers.