本次综述的目的是确定腹腔积液细胞学阳性（CY +）是否排除了胰腺癌根治手术，并提出未来研究的展望。检索了MEDLINE、Embase和Cochrane Central相关文章。采用二分法变量和生存结果，分别估计了患者的几率比和风险比（HR）。共纳入了4905例患者，其中7.8％为CY +。阳性腹腔灌注细胞学与总生存率下降（单因素生存分析[HR，2.35；P <0.00001]；多因素分析[HR，1.62；P <0.00001]）、无复发生存率下降（单因素生存分析[HR，2.50；P <0.00001]；多因素分析[HR，1.84；P <0.00001]）和更高的初次腹膜复发率（几率比，5.49；P <0.00001）。尽管CY +可以预测根治手术后预后不良和腹膜转移风险增加，但根据当前证据，它不足以排除根治手术，因此应进行高质量的试验来评估CY +患者中手术的预后影响。此外，更敏感和准确的方法来检测腹腔蜕皮肿瘤细胞和对可切除CY +胰腺癌患者更有效的综合治疗显然是必要的。版权所有©2023 Wolters Kluwer Health，Inc.。保留所有权利。

The aims of this review were to determine whether positive peritoneal lavage cytology (CY+) precludes radical resection in pancreatic cancer and to propose prospections for future studies.MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central were searched for related articles. Dichotomous variables and survival outcomes were analyzed with the estimation of odds ratio and hazards ratio (HR), respectively.A total of 4905 patients were included, of which 7.8% were CY+. Positive peritoneal lavage cytology was correlated with poor overall survival (univariate survival analysis [HR, 2.35; P < 0.00001]; multivariate analysis [HR, 1.62; P < 0.00001]), poor recurrence-free survival (univariate survival analysis [HR, 2.50; P < 0.00001]; multivariate analysis [HR, 1.84; P < 0.00001]), and higher initial peritoneal recurrence rate (odds ratio, 5.49; P < 0.00001).Although CY+ predicts poor prognosis and a higher risk of peritoneal metastasis after curative resection, it is not sufficient to preclude curative resection based on the current evidence, and high-quality trials should be conducted to assess the prognostic impact of operation among resectable CY+ patients. In addition, more sensitive and accurate methods to detect peritoneal exfoliated tumor cells and more effective comprehensive treatment for resectable CY+ pancreatic cancer patients are clearly warranted.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.