结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三常见的癌症类型，在死亡率方面排名第二。多个国家已经实施早期筛查和治疗的程序。经济评估是支持卫生系统决策有关费用报销和覆盖范围决策的重要工具，因此支持高效的资源分配。本文旨在回顾CRC筛查策略经济评估的最新证据。检索MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science、SCOPUS、SciELO、Lilacs、CRD数据库以及参考文献列表，以识别涉及成年40岁以上无症状普通风险人群的全面经济评估的相关文献。检索不受语言、环境或日期的限制。质性综述描述了CRC筛查策略和比较策略（基线情境）、研究设计、关键参数输入和增量成本效益比。共收录了79篇文章。大部分研究来自高收入国家和第三方支付人的角度。主要采用马尔科夫模型，但在过去15年中越来越多地采用微观模拟。作者发现了88种不同的CRC筛查策略，它们的技术类型、筛查间隔和策略（孤立或联合）各不相同。年度免疫化学糞便檢測是最主要的筛查策略。所有研究都报告了其方案与不筛查方案相比的具有成本效益的结果。四分之一的出版物报告了具有成本节约效益的结果。仍有必要开展低收入和中等收入国家的未来经济评估，以考虑该疾病的高负担。版权所有©2023 HCFMUSP。由Elsevier España，S.L.U.出版，保留所有权利。

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide and ranks second in mortality. Screening programs for early detection and treatment have been implemented in several countries. Economic evaluations are an important tool to support decision-making about reimbursement and coverage decisions in health systems and, therefore, to support efficient resource allocation. The article aims to review the up-to-date evidence on economic evaluations of CRC screening strategies. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SciELO, Lilacs, CRD databases, and lists of references were reviewed to identify relevant literature regarding full economic evaluations of CRC screening in asymptomatic average-risk individuals over 40 years old. Searches were conducted with no restriction to language, setting, or date. Qualitative syntheses described CRC screening strategies and comparators (baseline context), study designs, key parameter inputs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Seventy-nine articles were included. Most of the studies were from high-income countries and a third-party payer perspective. Markov models were predominantly used, although microsimulation has been increasingly adopted in the last 15 years. The authors found 88 different screening strategies for CRC, which differed in the type of technique, the interval of screening, and the strategy, i.e., isolated or combined. The annual fecal immunochemical test was the most predominant screening strategy. All studies reported cost-effective results in their scenarios compared to no screening scenarios. One-quarter of the publications reported cost-saving results. It is still necessary to develop future economic evaluations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), which account for the high burden of disease.Copyright © 2023 HCFMUSP. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.