尽管空气污染会导致人类疾病，但没有流行病学研究调查了空气污染物接触对普通民众脑部疾病的影响。我们的目标是研究对流层空气污染物与人类健康风险和全球负担的关联，特别是对中国室内甲醛（FA）污染的贡献。首先根据卫星遥感数据库推导自中国2013-2019年的对流层污染物，如：CO、NO、O3、PM2.5或PM10、SO2和FA，并根据卫星云图片进行分析。中国人口的患病率、发病率、死亡率，失活时间、残疾年限和残疾调整生命年等全球负担数据来自于2010年全球疾病负担（GBD 2010）。使用线性回归分析评估了中国2013-2019年对流层FA浓度和GBD指标之间的关系，火点数、平均夏季温度、人口密度和汽车销售量。结果表明，中国范围内的对流层FA水平能够反映室内空气FA污染的程度，特别是只有对流层FA与老年人包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）和脑癌等脑部疾病的患病率和失活时间年限显示出正相关，而帕金森症和抑郁症没有。特别是，对流层FA水平的时空变化与性别老年人（60-89岁）中FA暴露引发的AD和脑癌的地理分布一致。此外，在中国，2013-2019年夏季平均温度、汽车销售和人口密度与对流层FA水平呈正相关。因此，对流层污染物的绘制可用于空气质量监测和健康风险评估。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier B.V.发布。

Although air pollutions cause human diseases, no epidemiological study has investigated the effect of exposure to air pollutants on brain diseases in the general population. Our objective was to examine the association between tropospheric airborne pollutants and human health risk and global burden, especially, attributable to indoor formaldehyde (FA) pollution in China. The data of tropospheric pollutants, such as: CO, NO, O3, PM2.5 or PM10, SO2, and FA in China, 2013-2019, which were derived from the database of satellite remote-sensing, were first calculated and then analyzed them according to satellite cloud pictures. The rate of prevalence, incidence, deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of the Chinese population was obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD 2010). A linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between tropospheric FA concentrations and GBD indexes of human brain diseases, the numbers of fire plot, the average summer temperature, population density and car sales in China from 2013 to 2019. Our results showed that the levels of tropospheric FA could reflect the degree of indoor air FA pollution on a nationwide scale in China; in particular, only tropospheric FA exhibited a positive correlation with the rates of both prevalence and YLDs in brain diseases including: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain cancer, but not in Parkinson's disease and depression. In particular, the spatial-temporal changes in tropospheric FA levels were consistent with the geographical distribution of FA exposure-induced AD and brain cancer in both sex old adults with age (60-89). In addition, summer average temperature, car sales and population density were positively correlated with tropospheric FA levels in China, 2013-2019. Hence, mapping of tropospheric pollutants could be used for air quality monitoring and health risk assessment.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.