肺癌是美国男性和女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是导致癌症死亡的主要原因。本研究利用覆盖整个人口的癌症数据库，旨在确定2001年至2019年间肺癌发病率的性别差异。癌症患者信息来源于全国癌症登记计划（NPCR）和监测、流行病学和结果（SEER）数据库。使用SEER*Stat软件计算了年龄调整后的发病率（AAIR）。使用Joinpoint软件分析肺癌发病率的时间变化。共诊断出4086432例肺癌患者（53.3%为男性）。其中，年龄70岁及以上占52.1%，非西班牙裔白人占82.7%，来自南部的占39.7%，非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）占72.6%。研究期间，男性肺癌的AAIR从每10万人降至59.2，而女性肺癌的AAIR从2001年的55.0增加至2006年的56.8，然后降至2019年的48.1。女性与男性的肺癌发病率比从2001年至2019年持续增加。性别差异在年龄组、种族和组织学类型中均有观察到。在0-54岁的年龄组中，近年来女性的肺癌总体发病率高于男性，这一观察结果在所有种族（非黑人以外）、所有地区、腺癌和小细胞癌中（但非鳞状细胞癌）均有观察到。自2013年以来，在0-54岁年龄组中，非西班牙裔黑人女性的下降速度快于男性。亚太裔女性在研究期间呈增长趋势。肺癌发病率继续下降，但在年龄组、种族、地区和组织学类型之间存在性别差异。持续开展反吸烟计划并减少相关风险因素是进一步降低肺癌发病率的必要措施。© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.

Lung cancer ranks as one of the top malignancies and the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females in the US. Using a cancer database covering the entire population, this study was to determine the gender disparities in lung cancer incidence during 2001-2019. Cancer patients were obtained from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The SEER*Stat software was applied to calculate the age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR). Temporal changes in lung cancer incidence were analyzed by the Joinpoint software. A total of 4,086,432 patients (53.3% of males) were diagnosed with lung cancer. Among them, 52.1% were 70 years or older, 82.7% non-Hispanic white, 39.7% from the South, and 72.6% non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The AAIR of lung cancer continuously reduced from 91.0 per 100000 to 59.2 in males during the study period, while it increased from 55.0 in 2001 to 56.8 in 2006 in females, then decreased to 48.1 in 2019. The female to male incidence rate ratio of lung cancer continuously increased from 2001 to 2019. Gender disparities were observed among age groups, races, and histological types. In those aged 0-54 years, females had higher overall incidence rates of lung cancer than males in recent years, which was observed in all races (except non-Hispanic black), all regions, and adenocarcinoma and small cell (but not squamous cell). Non-Hispanic black females aged 0-54 years had a faster decline rate than males since 2013. API females demonstrated an increased trend during the study period. Lung cancer incidence continues to decrease with gender disparities among age groups, races, regions, and histological types. Continuous anti-smoking programs plus reduction of related risk factors are necessary to lower lung cancer incidence further.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.