化疗是大多数恶性肿瘤的标准治疗。虽然已有研究报告表明化疗会引起某些副作用，却无法否认其在辅助治疗或新辅助治疗中对肿瘤的清除作用。化疗对造血前体细胞有影响，导致骨髓抑制，而中性粒细胞减少症是细胞毒性治疗所诱发的主要血液毒性。我们使用肾脏和肺部转移肿瘤模型来研究化疗诱导的中性粒细胞减少症（CIN）对转移过程的影响。环磷酰胺和阿霉素是两种造血抑制药物，但顺铂却不是，它们通过减少中性粒细胞增加了肺部人工转移肿瘤的负担。这种效应可以通过使用抗Ly6G治疗重复表达，在人工转移和自发性转移的转移灶形成中引发与中性粒细胞相关的肺部肿瘤。联合化疗和粒细胞集落刺激因子介导的中性粒细胞增强治疗可以逆转癌症扩散的情况。CIN影响了肺的早期转移定植，很可能促进了24-72小时以内进入肺部的肿瘤细胞的增殖。CIN对转移过程的后期事件（肺部已确立的转移）没有影响，并且对原发肿瘤的癌细胞释放也没有影响，事实上，它对肿瘤的生长有一定的抑制作用。该研究表明了中性粒细胞与常见的癌症治疗副作用的关联，并呼吁深入探讨化疗诱导的中性粒细胞减少症与转移的关系。© 2023 作者 发行许可由Taylor & Francis集团，LLC授权。

Chemotherapy is the standard of care for most malignancies. Its tumor debulking effect in adjuvant or neoadjuvant settings is unquestionable, although secondary effects have been reported that paradoxically promote metastasis. Chemotherapy affects the hematopoietic precursors leading to myelosuppression, with neutropenia being the main hematological toxicity induced by cytotoxic therapy. We used renal and lung murine tumor models metastatic to the lung to study chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) in the metastatic process. Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, two myelosuppressive drugs, but not cisplatin, increased the burden of artificial metastases to the lung, by reducing neutrophils. This effect was recapitulated by treatment with anti-Ly6G, the selective antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion that unleashed the formation of lung metastases in both artificial and spontaneous metastasis settings. The increased cancer dissemination was reversed by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mediated boosting of neutrophils in combination with chemotherapy. CIN affected the early metastatic colonization of the lung, quite likely promoting the proliferation of tumor cells extravasated into the lung at 24-72 hours. CIN did not affect the late events of the metastatic process, with established metastasis to the lung, nor was there any effect on the release of cancer cells from the primary, whose growth was, in fact, somewhat inhibited. This work suggests a role of neutrophils associated to a common cancer treatment side effect and claims a deep dive into the relationship between chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and metastasis.© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.