免疫受体的纳米级空间组织在细胞的活化和抑制中起着重要作用。尽管从细胞培养实验中逐渐揭示了这种空间组织与细胞信号传导事件之间的关系，但由于体内高分辨率成像的挑战，我们尚不清楚这些结果如何适应更具生理意义的环境，如肿瘤微环境。因此，我们在人类黑色素瘤组织切片上进行了超分辨率免疫荧光显微镜检查，以研究免疫检查点抑制剂程序性细胞死亡1（PD-1）的空间组织。我们发现PD-1表现出各种组织形式，范围从纳米级的聚集到较为均一的膜标记。我们的结果表明超分辨率成像技术在研究肿瘤微环境中免疫检查点标记物的空间组织方面具有能力，这为临床和免疫学研究提供了未来的方向。

The nanometer-scale spatial organization of immune receptors plays a role in cell activation and suppression. While the connection between this spatial organization and cell signaling events is emerging from cell culture experiments, how these results translate to more physiologically relevant settings like the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood due to the challenges of high-resolution imaging in vivo. Here we perform super-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy of human melanoma tissue sections to examine the spatial organization of the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). We show that PD-1 exhibits a variety of organizations ranging from nanometer-scale clusters to more uniform membrane labeling. Our results demonstrate the capability of super-resolution imaging to examine the spatial organization of immune checkpoint markers in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting a future direction for both clinical and immunology research.