全球第二常见的癌症和女性最常见的恶性肿瘤是乳腺癌。乳腺癌在印度是一个重要的健康问题，其死亡率与发病率之比高，并且在年轻人群中出现频率较高。最近的研究发现肠道菌群是影响乳腺癌发展、治疗和预后的重要因素。本综述旨在描述微生物失调对乳腺癌发生的影响以及肿瘤微生物组和特定乳腺癌分子亚型之间的可能相互作用。此外，本综述还讨论了表观遗传学、饮食/营养对肠道和乳腺微生物组调控的作用，以及其与乳腺癌预防、治疗和复发的相关性。此外，本综述还回顾了微生物组研究的最新技术进展，包括下一代测序（NGS）技术、基因组测序、单细胞测序和微生物代谢组学，以及人工智能的最新进展。该综述试图全面介绍微生物组作为关键癌症生物标志物的现状。我们相信，将微生物组与癌症发生联系起来是重要的，因为它可以揭示微生物失调如何影响癌症发展和进展的机制，从而为微生物组作为预后和个体化治疗工具的潜在应用提供见解。© 2023 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

The second most frequent cancer in the world and the most common malignancy in women is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a significant health concern in India with a high mortality-to-incidence ratio and presentation at a younger age.Recent studies have identified gut microbiota as a significant factor that can have an influence on the development, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer. This review article aims to describe the influence of microbial dysbiosis on breast cancer occurrence and the possible interactions between oncobiome and specific breast cancer molecular subtypes. The review further also discusses the role of epigenetics and diet/nutrition in the regulation of the gut and breast microbiome and its association with breast cancer prevention, therapy, and recurrence. Additionally, the recent technological advances in microbiome research, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, genome sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and microbial metabolomics along with recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have also been reviewed. This is an attempt to present a comprehensive status of the microbiome as a key cancer biomarker.We believe that correlating microbiome and carcinogenesis is important as it can provide insights into the mechanisms by which microbial dysbiosis can influence cancer development and progression, leading to the potential use of the microbiome as a tool for prognostication and personalized therapy.© 2023 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.