癌症患者对COVID-19病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染和严重疾病表现出增加的易感性。导致严重COVID-19的危险因素包括合并症、疾病失控和当前的治疗方案。尽管COVID-19疫苗在固体肿瘤和血液恶性肿瘤患者中提供了一定程度的感染和严重疾病保护，但与健康个体相比，该人群的免疫原性和实际效果下降。对癌症患者使用不同剂量或不同接种方案的COVID-19疫苗的免疫反应进行描述和理解对于指导临床和公共卫生实践非常重要。在本文中，我们回顾了固体肿瘤患者、血液恶性肿瘤患者以及接受造血干细胞移植或嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法的患者对SARS-CoV-2易感性和COVID-19疫苗的免疫反应。© 2023作者。由牛津大学出版社代表美国传染病学会发布。

Patients with cancer demonstrate an increased vulnerability for infection and severe disease by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 include comorbidities, uncontrolled disease, and current line of treatment. Although COVID-19 vaccines have afforded some level of protection against infection and severe disease among patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, decreased immunogenicity and real-world effectiveness have been observed among this population compared with healthy individuals. Characterizing and understanding the immune response to increasing doses or differing schedules of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with cancer is important to inform clinical and public health practices. In this article, we review SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid tumors, hematologic malignancies, and those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplant or chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell therapy.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.