对CIN2/3进行治疗的妇女仍然存在复发CIN和宫颈癌的风险，因此建议进行治疗后监测。这项事后分析评估了甲基化标记物ASCL1/LHX8和FAM19A4/miR124-2在治疗后检测复发CIN2/3的潜力。对364名接受CIN2/3治疗的妇女在治疗后6个月和12个月采集宫颈刮片，使用定量多重甲基化特异性PCR检测ASCL1/LHX8和FAM19A4/miR124-2的甲基化情况。将甲基化检测的表现与HPV和/或细胞学的表现进行计算和比较。比较了持续HPV感染的妇女和发生性HPV感染或无HPV感染的妇女的复发CIN的甲基化水平。共有42名妇女（11.5%）被检测出复发CIN2/3，其中28名妇女患有CIN2，14名患有CIN3。ASCL1/LHX8在14例复发CIN3中有13例（92.9%）呈阳性，在27例复发CIN2中有13例（48.1%）呈阳性。FAM19A4/miR124-2在14例复发CIN3中有14例（100%）呈阳性，在27例复发CIN2中有10例（37.0%）呈阳性。联合HPV和/或甲基化检测显示与HPV和/或细胞学的阳性率相似。治疗后12个月的CIN2/3风险在治疗后6个月的ASCL1/LHX8阳性结果后为30.8%。持续HPV感染的妇女的CIN2/3甲基化水平显著高于发生性或无HPV感染的妇女。总之，通过对ASCL1/LHX8和FAM19A4/miR124-2的甲基化分析进行治疗后监测显示出良好的检测复发CIN的表现。DNA甲基化检测有助于识别需要重新治疗的复发CIN的妇女。© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.

Women treated for CIN2/3 remain at increased risk of recurrent CIN and cervical cancer, and therefore posttreatment surveillance is recommended. This post hoc analysis evaluates the potential of methylation markers ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124-2 for posttreatment detection of recurrent CIN2/3. Cervical scrapes taken at 6 and 12 months posttreatment of 364 women treated for CIN2/3 were tested for methylation of ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124-2 using quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR. Performance of the methylation tests were calculated and compared with the performance of HPV and/or cytology. Methylation levels of recurrent CIN were compared between women with a persistent HPV infection, and women with an incident HPV infection or without HPV infection. Recurrent CIN2/3 was detected in 42 women (11.5%), including 28 women with CIN2 and 14 with CIN3. ASCL1/LHX8 tested positive in 13/14 (92.9%) of recurrent CIN3 and 13/27 (48.1%) of recurrent CIN2. FAM19A4/miR124-2 tested positive in 14/14 (100%) of recurrent CIN3 and 10/27 (37.0%) of recurrent CIN2. Combined HPV and/or methylation testing showed similar positivity rates as HPV and/or cytology. The CIN2/3 risk at 12 months posttreatment was 30.8% after a positive ASCL1/LHX8 result at 6 months posttreatment. Methylation levels of CIN2/3 in women with a persistent HPV infection were significantly higher compared with women with an incident or no HPV infection. In conclusion, posttreatment monitoring by methylation analysis of ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124-2 showed a good performance for the detection of recurrent CIN. DNA methylation testing can help to identify women with recurrent CIN that require re-treatment.© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.