高级别胶质瘤（HGG）是最常见的原发性脑恶性肿瘤，占所有恶性原发性脑肿瘤的一半以上。2021年新版世界卫生组织分类将成人HGG分为四个亚型：3级寡突胶质瘤（1p/19位点共删失、IDH基因突变型）；3级IDH基因突变型星形细胞瘤；4级IDH基因突变型星形细胞瘤；以及4级IDH野生型脑胶质母细胞瘤（GB）。放疗（RT）和化疗（CTX）是新发HGG患者的当前标准治疗。最近已经发现了几种在诊断和预后中有临床相关性的分子标记。复发高级别胶质瘤的治疗尚未明确，决策通常基于先前的策略以及一些临床和影像学因素。对于GB的预后是可怕的（5年生存率为5-10%），而其他高级别胶质瘤的预后通常较好，取决于肿瘤的分子特征。神经功能缺陷和癫痫的存在会显著影响生活质量。©2023年。作者。

High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most common primary brain malignancies and account for more than half of all malignant primary brain tumors. The new 2021 WHO classification divides adult HGG into four subtypes: grade 3 oligodendroglioma (1p/19 codeleted, IDH-mutant); grade 3 IDH-mutant astrocytoma; grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and grade 4 IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GB). Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CTX) are the current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed HGG. Several clinically relevant molecular markers that assist in diagnosis and prognosis have recently been identified. The treatment for recurrent high-grade gliomas is not well defined and decision-making is usually based on prior strategies, as well as several clinical and radiological factors. Whereas the prognosis for GB is grim (5-year survival rate of 5-10%) outcomes for the other high-grade gliomas are typically better, depending on the molecular features of the tumor. The presence of neurological deficits and seizures can significantly impact quality of life.© 2023. The Author(s).