固体器官移植（SOT）和造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后淋巴增生性疾病（PTLD）是重要且潜在危及生命的并发症。鉴于PTLD的多样性和免疫抑制患者感染并发症的风险，治疗此疾病仍然具有挑战性。单一性PTLD和B细胞来源淋巴瘤占大多数病例。PTLD的治疗策略包括基于反应风险分层的方法，包括免疫抑制减少、免疫疗法和/或化疗。采用这种方法，大约25%的患者不需要化疗。对于被认为是高风险或对初线治疗无反应的患者来说，预后仍然令人沮丧，在这种情况下，需要新的治疗方法。PTLD与埃布斯坦-巴尔病毒感染有关，约60-80%的病例出现这种情况，因此，EBV导向的治疗成为一种有吸引力的治疗模式。最近，转移免疫疗法的引入代表了一种有前途的可选方案，用于顽固性病例；希望这些治疗策略将来能够应用于早期治疗。Copyright © 2023 American Society of Hematology.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an important and potentially life-threatening complication of solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Given the heterogeneity of PTLD and the risk of infectious complications in immunosuppressed patients, treatment of this disease remains challenging. Monomorphic PTLD and lymphoma of B-cell origin account for the majority of cases. Treatment strategies for PTLD consist of response-adapted risk-stratified methods using immunosuppression reduction, immunotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. With this approach, approximately 25% of patients do not need chemotherapy. Outcomes for patients considered high-risk or who do not respond to frontline therapies remain dismal, and novel treatments are needed in this setting. PTLD is associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in 60-80% of cases making EBV-directed therapy an attractive treatment modality. Recently, the introduction of adoptive immunotherapies represents a promising option for refractory cases; hopefully these treatment strategies can be used in earlier lines of therapy in the future.Copyright © 2023 American Society of Hematology.