近期的研究突显了某些病毒对恶性细胞的增强趋性，因此引起了人们对利用这些病毒作为一种策略来改变这些细胞的转录谱，同时保护健康细胞的关注。同样，这些病毒也被认为是调节微环境免疫的参与者，尤其是通过肿瘤相关抗原引发的细胞外抗原递呈、自然杀伤细胞和T CD8+ 细胞的交叉启动机制提高了这些细胞。肿瘤溃烂病毒的免疫调节作用在血液系统恶性肿瘤中似乎非常重要，因为它们可能是由于受体细胞或肿瘤干细胞受外部刺激引发的增殖爆发而复发。通过对寄主细胞和周围环境进行重编程，病毒疗法的潜力从消除最小可测疾病（例如，急性白血病）到自体骨髓移植中恶性祖细胞的离体净化。本综述中，我们将分析病毒疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤中的最新进展，无论是单独应用还是与化疗药物或其他免疫调节剂联合应用。版权所有©2023，Elsevier Inc.发表。

The increased tropism for malignant cells of some viruses has been highlighted in recent studies, prompting their use as a strategy to modify the transcriptional profile of those cells, while sparing the healthy ones. Likewise, they have been recognized as players modulating microenvironmental immunity, namely through an increase in antigen-presenting, natural-killer, and T CD8+ cytotoxic cells by a cross-priming mechanism elicited by tumor-associated antigens. The immunomodulatory role of the oncolytic virus seems relevant in hematological malignancies, which may relapse as a result of a proliferative burst elicited by an external stimulus in progenitor or neoplastic stem cells. By reprogramming the host cells and the surrounding environment, the potential of virotherapy ranges from the promise to eradicate the minimal measurable disease (in acute leukemia, for example), to the ex vivo purging of malignant progenitor cells in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplantation. In this review, we analyze the recent advances in virotherapy in hematological malignancies, either when administered alone or together with chemotherapeutic agents or other immunomodulators.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.