肺肿瘤是影响人类的最具侵略性的威胁之一。目前的治疗方法已经提高了患者的生存率，但是需要进一步努力以增加治疗的有效性和对肿瘤复发和转移的保护。免疫疗法作为先前治疗的一种替代方法，侧重于刺激患者的免疫系统来摧毁肿瘤细胞。病毒可以作为免疫治疗方法的一部分，作为能够选择性感染肿瘤细胞的介体，触发对感染和肿瘤细胞的免疫反应。某些病毒已经被选择出来，专门感染和摧毁癌细胞，激活免疫反应，增强对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用，并改善长期记忆，以预防肿瘤复发。腫瘤溶解病毒疗法可以用作一种策略，以靶向破坏转化细胞在肿瘤部位并在距离原始靶向肿瘤部位的位置起作用。一些目前肺癌治疗中的挑战可以通过结合传统疗法和腫瘤溶解病毒疗法来解决。确定最佳的组合，包括选择合适的设置，将是肺癌治疗的下一个前沿。版权所有 © 2023. Elsevier Inc. 发表.

Lung tumors are one of the most aggressive threats affecting humans. Current therapeutic approaches have improved patients' survival; however, further efforts are required to increase effectiveness and protection against tumor relapse and metastasis. Immunotherapy presents an alternative to previous treatments that focuses on stimulating of the patient's immune system to destroy tumor cells. Viruses can be used as part of the immune therapeutic approach as agents that could selectively infect tumor cells, triggering an immune response against the infection and against the tumor cells. Some viruses have been selected for specifically infecting and destroying cancer cells, activating the immune response, enhancing access, amplifying the cytotoxicity against the tumor cells, and improving the long-term memory that can prevent tumor relapse. Oncolytic virotherapy can then be used as a strategy to target the destruction of transformed cells at the tumor site and act in locations distant from the primary targeted tumor site. Some of the current challenges in lung cancer treatment can be addressed using traditional therapies combined with oncolytic virotherapy. Defining the best combination, including the choice of the right settings will be at the next frontier in lung cancer treatment.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.