治疗口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）使口腔出现新的生态环境。这预计会导致口腔微生物组发生变化。本研究旨在获取有关OSCC患者唾液微生物组的新信息，以改善对OSCC患者的后期护理。本研究的目标是调查OSCC患者在癌症治疗前后可能发生的唾液微生物组变化，并将这些变化与健康对照组的微生物组进行比较。收集了99名即将接受肿瘤手术切除和其他辅助治疗的OSCC患者的激发润滑口腔全唾液样本，并测量了唾液流量。治疗后，28名OSCC患者在平均随访时间为48个月时进行了复查。此外，还对101名健康对照组进行检查和采样。经DNA提取和纯化后，应用Illumina MiSeq对16S rRNA基因的V4高变区进行扩增和测序。合并读取对进行了UNOISE3去噪，映射到零半径操作分类单元（zOTUs），使用HOMD对代表性zOTU序列进行分类。使用描述性统计分析研究了OSCC患者在治疗前后与健康对照组之间的微生物组差异。在基线时，OSCC患者显示出被分类为Streptococcus anginosus、Abiotrophia defectiva和Fusobacterium nucleatum的zOTUs的相对丰度较高。OSCC患者和健康对照组之间的微生物组差异显著（F = 5.9，p < 0.001）。OSCC患者唾液微生物组的Alpha多样性在随访时减少，并且与治疗前（p < 0.001）和健康对照组的微生物组（p < 0.001）之间的差异显著。与健康对照组相比，OSCC患者的唾液微生物组的潜在致病菌丰度较高。OSCC的治疗导致唾液微生物组的Alpha多样性显著减少和变异性增加，这种变化在多年的随访期后仍然存在。OSCC患者可能会受益于预防措施，例如使用益生菌、替代唾液液或饮食指导。视频摘要。© 2023年。Springer Nature旗下的BioMed Central有限公司。

Treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) introduces new ecological environments in the oral cavity. This is expected to cause changes in the oral microbiome. The purpose of this study was to gain new information on the salivary microbiome of OSCC patients in order to improve the aftercare of OSCC patients. The aims of this study were to investigate possible changes in the salivary microbiome profiles of OSCC patients before and after cancer treatment and to compare these changes with the profiles of healthy controls.Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected, and the salivary flow rate was measured from 99 OSCC patients prior to surgical resection of the tumor and other adjuvant therapy. After treatment, 28 OSCC patients were re-examined with a mean follow-up time of 48 months. In addition, 101 healthy controls were examined and sampled. After DNA extraction and purification, the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The merged read pairs were denoised using UNOISE3, mapped to zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs), and the representative zOTU sequences were assigned a taxonomy using HOMD. Descriptive statistics were used to study the differences in the microbial profiles of OSCC patients before and after treatment and in comparison to healthy controls.At baseline, the OSCC patients showed a higher relative abundance of zOTUs classified as Streptococcus anginosus, Abiotrophia defectiva, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The microbial profiles differed significantly between OSCC patients and healthy controls (F = 5.9, p < 0.001). Alpha diversity of the salivary microbiome of OSCC patients was decreased at the follow-up, and the microbial profiles differed significantly from the pre-treatment (p < 0.001) and from that of healthy controls (p < 0.001).OSCC patients' salivary microbiome profile had a higher abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria compared to healthy controls. Treatment of the OSCC caused a significant decrease in alpha diversity and increase in variability of the salivary microbiome, which was still evident after several years of follow-up. OSCC patients may benefit from preventive measures, such as the use of pre- or probiotics, salivary substitutes, or dietary counseling. Video Abstract.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.