原发性肝癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一；2020年导致约830,000人死亡。肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌类型，占所有病例的80%以上。包括手术、化学治疗、放射治疗和射频消融在内的各种方法已被广泛用于HCC的治疗。随着技术的进步，放射治疗在HCC的综合治疗中变得越来越重要。然而，由于肿瘤细胞对辐射的敏感性不足，在临床应用中仍存在多种限制。近年来，免疫治疗在癌症中的作用越来越明显，越来越多的研究者开始关注免疫治疗与放射治疗的联合应用，希望实现更好的治疗效果。本文综述了HCC中放射治疗的进展，以及其与免疫治疗的联合应用的当前状况，并讨论了射线免疫治疗在HCC中的前景和价值。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide; it caused approximately 830,000 deaths in 2020. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for over 80% of all cases. Various methods, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation, have been widely used in the treatment of HCC. With the advancement of technology, radiotherapy has become increasingly important in the comprehensive treatment of HCC. However, due to the insufficient sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation, there are still multiple limitation in clinical application of radiotherapy. In recent years, the role of immunotherapy in cancer has been increasingly revealed, and more researchers have turned their attention to the combined application of immunotherapy and radiotherapy in the hope of achieving better treatment outcomes. This article reviews the progress on radiation therapy in HCC and the current status of its combined application with immunotherapy, and discusses the prospects and value of radioimmunotherapy in HCC.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.