细胞因子是移植后炎症反应的关键调节因子，重构移植后的肝脏和全身环境，从而影响肿瘤复发的可能性。本研究调查了肝移植（LT）治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）后细胞因子对肿瘤复发的预后价值。在1997年至2015年期间，针对150例成人HCC患者进行了回顾性分析，测定了移植后的41种炎症细胞因子，并通过受试者工作特征分析确定了它们对预测移植后肿瘤复发的预后价值。采用Logistic回归分析和内部验证的自助法生成了移植后肿瘤复发的预测模型，并与外部预测模型进行了比较。移植后循环CCL11、IFNα2和IL17A细胞因子被确定为预测移植后肿瘤复发和生存的显著因子。建立了由移植后3种细胞因子（P3C）签名、UCSF标准和移植前AFP组成的预测评分。在供体死亡肝移植（DDLT）和活体肝移植（LDLT）中，P3C-UCSF-AFP评分显著预测了移植后肿瘤复发和差劲的生存。通过验证P3C-UCSF-AFP评分，显著预测了移植后2年和5年的肿瘤复发，优于RETREAT评分、法国AFP模型、up-to-seven评分、UCSF标准和米兰标准。值得注意的是，P3C-UCSF-AFP评分可以成本效益地对高风险受体进行分层，以在肿瘤复发后改进生存。综合考虑P3C-UCSF-AFP评分不仅弥补了移植前的不可预测性，准确预测了移植后的肿瘤复发，还指导了移植肿瘤学中监测和治疗策略的临床改进。©2023年亚太肝脏研究协会。

Cytokines are key regulators of post-transplant inflammation responses which reconstitute post-transplant hepatic and systemic environments to influence the likelihood of tumor relapse. This study investigated the prognostic value of post-transplant cytokines on tumor recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).A retrospective analysis was conducted in prospectively collected 150 adult HCC patients who received liver transplantation from 1997 to 2015. The post-transplant 41 inflammatory cytokines were quantified by multiplexing analysis and determined their prognostic value for predicting post-LT tumor recurrence by receiver operative characteristic analysis. A prediction model for post-LT tumor recurrence was generated by the logistic regression and internally validated Bootstrapping and compared with external prediction models.Post-transplant circulating CCL11, IFNα2, and IL17A cytokines were identified to be significant predictors of post-LT tumor recurrence and survival. A prediction score composed of the post-transplant 3-cytokine (P3C) signature, UCSF criteria, and pre-LT AFP was established. The P3C-UCSF-AFP score significantly predicted post-LT tumor recurrence and poor survival both in deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) and living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The P3C-UCSF-AFP score was validated to significantly predict post-LT 2-year and 5-year tumor recurrence, outperforming the RETREAT score, French AFP model, up-to-seven, UCSF criteria, and Milan criteria. Importantly, the P3C-UCSF-AFP score could cost-effectively stratify high-risk recipients subjected to a refinement of post-recurrence survival.The integrated P3C-UCSF-AFP score not only compensated for the pre-LT unpredictability and predicted post-LT tumor recurrence accurately, but also guided the clinical refinements of post-LT surveillance and therapeutic strategies in transplant oncology.© 2023. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver.