2型糖尿病是认知功能损害发展的危险因素。越来越多的证据表明，定期锻炼对于治疗糖尿病患者的临床症状是有益的。本研究旨在评估通过游泳训练增加体力活动是否能够减轻2型糖尿病动物模型的记忆障碍。糖尿病和非糖尿病小鼠进行了四周的游泳训练，然后使用三个行为测试评估了工作记忆、空间记忆和识别记忆。监测体重、葡萄糖和胰岛素抵抗。我们还测量了小鼠海马区或前额叶皮质的炎症因子（白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α）、抗炎因子（IL-10）以及脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和谷氨酸水平。结果显示，糖尿病增加了体重、葡萄糖和胰岛素抵抗，损害了工作记忆、空间记忆和识别记忆，增加了IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α和谷氨酸水平，并降低了糖尿病小鼠海马区BDNF水平。与之相关的较高体力活动与降低体重、葡萄糖和胰岛素抵抗、减轻记忆障碍、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α和谷氨酸水平，以及升高糖尿病小鼠海马区和前额叶皮质BDNF水平。这项研究表明，游泳训练可以使糖尿病小鼠的体重和葡萄糖-胰岛素轴恢复正常，减少海马区中的炎症和谷氨酸，增强神经营养系统在海马区和前额叶皮质的作用。该研究还表明，通过游泳训练增加体力活动可以改善2型糖尿病小鼠模型的认知损害。版权所有 © 2023. Elsevier 公司出版。

Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Increasing evidence suggests that regular exercise is beneficial for the treatment of clinical symptoms in diabetic patients. The current study aimed to evaluate whether increasing physical activity through swimming training can reduce memory impairment in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes and non-diabetes mice underwent swimming training for four weeks, and then working, spatial, and recognition memory were evaluated using three behavioral tests. Body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance were monitored. We also measured inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α), an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF), and glutamate levels in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex of mice. The findings showed that diabetes increased body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance, impaired working, spatial and recognition memory, increased levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and glutamate levels, and decreased BDNF in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. While higher physical activity was associated with reduced body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance, attenuated memory impairment, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and glutamate, and increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice. This study shows that swimming training can normalize body weight and glucose-insulin axis and reduce inflammation and glutamate in the hippocampus and enhance the neurotrophic system in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice. This study also suggests that higher physical activity through swimming training can improve cognitive impairment in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.