尽管2016年世界卫生组织（WHO）对2008年诊断标准进行了多次更新，但红细胞增多症（PV）的诊断仍然是一项困难的任务。本研究旨在使用2016年WHO诊断标准对PV患者进行生化和临床特征的检查，这些患者在2008年的标准下可能被忽视，并确定降低的阈值对PV诊断的影响。本横断面研究纳入了229例疑似骨髓增生性肿瘤的患者。研究组根据血红蛋白值进行了分组。A组由126名男性血红蛋白值≤18.5g/dL，女性血红蛋白值≤16.5g/dL的患者组成。B组包括103名男性血红蛋白值>18.5g/dL，女性血红蛋白值>16.5g/dL的患者。当采用2016年诊断标准而不是2008年标准时，PV的诊断数从87例增加到145例（增加了66.67%）。与B组相比，A组的平均年龄和女性患者频率较低。无论是慢性阻塞性肺病/阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、脾脏状态、抽烟情况，还是平均红细胞体积、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞、嗜酸粒细胞和血小板值，两组在这些方面相似。B组的红细胞和乳酸脱氢酶值显著较高，而淋巴细胞计数显著较低。随着2016年WHO诊断标准的引入，我们发现有更多患者符合PV检测的条件，并最终被诊断为PV。这些发现支持2016年WHO标准的诊断价值，并通过推广降低的阈值来检测需要进一步分析的患者。版权所有 © 2023 作者。由Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.出版。

Polycythemia vera (PV) diagnosis remains a difficult task despite various updates in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria compared to 2008 criteria. This study aimed to examine the biochemical and clinical features of patients diagnosed with PV using the WHO 2016 criteria but would have been missed by the WHO 2008 criteria, and to ascertain the impact of the lowered thresholds on PV diagnosis. A total of 229 patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms were included in this cross sectional study. The study group was divided with regard to hemoglobin values. Group A consisted of 126 patients with hemoglobin values of ≤ 18.5 g/dL in males and ≤ 16.5 g/dL in females. Group B comprised 103 patients with hemoglobin values of > 18.5 g/dL in males and > 16.5 g/dL in females. The number of PV diagnoses increased to 145 from 87 (increased by 66.67%) when the 2016 diagnostic criteria were employed rather that the 2008 criteria. Mean age and the frequency of female subjects were lower in Group A compared to Group B. The groups were similar in terms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, spleen status, smoking status, and mean corpuscular volume, white blood count, neutrophil, eosinophil and platelet values. red blood cells and lactate dehydrogenase values were significantly higher, while lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in Group B. With the introduction of WHO 2016 criteria, we found a significant increase in the number of patients who were candidates for PV testing and were ultimately diagnosed with PV. These findings support the diagnostic value of the 2016 WHO criteria, and by extension, the lowered thresholds for detection of patients requiring further analysis.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.