食道癌是世界上最致命的癌症之一，在中国的发病率和死亡率居于前十位。传统治疗的疗效有限，通常伴随严重的不良反应，导致不理想的治疗结果。免疫检查点抑制剂的机制是激活细胞毒性T细胞杀死表达肿瘤抗原的肿瘤细胞。免疫检查点抑制剂的应用深刻改变了癌症治疗的方式。然而，免疫检查点抑制剂的使用也会引起一系列与自身免疫相关的不良反应，称为免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)。其中一些免疫检查点抑制剂可以引起与肺结节病发展类似的症状，被称为类肺结节病反应或肉芽肿病。 本文报告了一位50岁的中国男性患者。该患者被诊断为晚期食道鳞状细胞癌，并被证实与西汀利单抗(PD-1抑制剂)相关的肺结节病样反应。患者接受了皮质类固醇治疗后，全身和肺部症状迅速改善。据我们所知，这是关于食道鳞状细胞癌患者出现肺结节病样反应的首个报告。此后，该患者在出现肺结节病样反应后继续接受1年的随访抗肿瘤治疗，预后良好，患者目前病情稳定。 ICI诱导的肺结节病的诊断通常需要通过临床、病理和放射学评估进行全面评估。一部分患有结节病样反应的患者可能不需要治疗，除非有器官功能异常或严重临床症状，而这些反应通常对治疗有良好反应。免疫治疗后出现结节病样反应与癌症患者的长期预后呈正相关。然而，这个假设需要更大规模的前瞻性研究进行验证。 版权所有 © 2023 作者。由 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 发布。

Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, with high incidence and mortality rates ranking among the top ten in China. The efficacy of conventional treatments is limited and often accompanied by severe adverse reactions, which results in unsatisfactory outcomes. The mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is to activate cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells expressing tumor antigens. The application of ICIs has profoundly changed the mode of cancer treatment. However, the use of ICIs also induces a series of adverse reactions similar to autoimmune reactions, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Some ICIs can cause manifestations similar to those in the development of sarcoidosis, which are called sarcoidosis-like reactions or granulomatosis.We report a 50-year-old Chinese male patient.The patient had been diagnosed with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma , and was confirmed to have pulmonary sarcoidosis-like reactions associated with sintilimab, a human programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor.The patient was administered corticosteroid treatment.After receiving steroid treatment, the patient's systemic and pulmonary symptoms improved rapidly. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary sarcoidosis-like reaction in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient then continued to receive 1 year of follow-up antitumor treatment after the appearance of lung pulmonary sarcoidosis-like reactions. The prognosis was good and the patient's condition is currently stable.The diagnosis of ICI-induced sarcoidosis often requires comprehensive evaluation through clinical, pathological, and radiological assessment. A subset of patients with sarcoidosis-like reactions may not require treatment unless there is organ dysfunction or severe clinical symptoms, and these reactions generally respond well to treatment. The occurrence of sarcoidosis-like reactions after immunotherapy is positively correlated with the long-term prognosis of cancer patients. However, this hypothesis requires larger prospective studies for validation.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.