本研究旨在确定自体脂肪来源间充质干细胞（AD-MSCs）全身治疗对腹膜透析（PD）患者腹膜功能和炎症不同指标的影响。我们纳入了9名超滤失效（UFF）的PD患者。患者通过肘静脉接受1.2±0.1×10^6cell/kg的AD-MSCs，随后在基线、3、6、12、16和24周进行随访。基线和12、24周进行腹部特征评估的单孔腹腔照相术（UNI-PET）。通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定了系统和腹部肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、IL-2和CA125的浓度，以及腹腔引流细胞的转化生长因子β（TGF-β）、平滑肌肌动蛋白α（α-SMA）和成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1（FSP-1）基因表达量。观察到以下超滤容量指标轻度改善：自由水转运（FWT，32%），超滤-小孔（UFSP，18%），总超滤（UFT，25%），葡萄糖的渗透导电度（OCG，25%），D/P肌酐（0.75至0.70）和Dt/D0葡萄糖（0.23至0.26）。系统和腹腔内CA125水平轻度升高，而TGF-β、α-SMA和FSP-1基因表达水平轻度下降，这种下降在第12周更为明显，并在研究结束时消失。我们的研究首次展示了MSCs治疗临床试验中腹膜损伤的潜力。这些结果仅为假设建议，需在未来的研究中进行证实。 © 2023 The Author(s).本文是根据创作公共许可证（https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0）开放获取的文章，允许在任何媒介中无限制使用、分发和复制，只要原始作品正确引用。

We aimed to determine the effects of systemic therapy with autologous adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on different parameters of peritoneal function and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.We enrolled nine PD patients with ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Patients received 1.2±0.1×106 cell/kg of AD-MSCs via cubital vein and were then followed for six months at time points of baseline, 3, 6, 12, 16 and 24 weeks after infusion. UNI-PET was performed for assessment of peritoneal characteristics at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Systemic and peritoneal levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-2 and CA125 (by ELISA) and gene expression levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), smooth muscle actin (𝛼-SMA) and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) in PD effluent derived cells (by quantitative real-time PCR) were measured at baseline and weeks 3, 6, 12, 16 and 24.Slight improvement was observed in the following UF capacity indices: free water transport (FWT, 32%), ultrafiltration - small pore (UFSP, 18%), ultrafiltration total (UFT, 25%), osmotic conductance to glucose (OCG, 25%), D/P creatinine (0.75 to 0.70), and Dt/D0 glucose (0.23 to 0.26). There was a slight increase in systemic and peritoneal levels of CA125 and a slight decrease in gene expression levels of TGF-β, α-SMA and FSP-1 that was more prominent at week 12 and vanished by the end of the study.Our results for the first time showed the potential of MSCs for treatment of peritoneal damage in a clinical trial. Our results could be regarded as hypothesis suggestion and will need confirmation in future studies.© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.