本研究目的在评估乳腺癌手术后患者在上肢干预（非手术和手术）后淋巴水肿的发生或恶化的频率。本研究纳入标准如下：（1）乳腺癌手术或因乳腺癌导致的淋巴水肿病史；（2）上肢干预与乳腺癌同侧；（3）至少1个月的随访时间。对患者进行人口统计信息、乳腺癌手术和手部干预的类型、淋巴结清扫数量、已存在的淋巴水肿情况以及淋巴水肿的恶化和新发病情进行评估。共回顾了161例患者进行的385次手部干预（300次注射，85次手术）。随访中位数为31个月（范围：1-110个月）。19例患者在手部干预前已存在同侧淋巴水肿，但无人出现淋巴水肿的恶化。3例患者在手部干预后平均30个月随访期间出现同侧新发淋巴水肿（范围：4-67个月）。其中1例在注射后5年后才出现淋巴水肿。1例在同一天的同一只手上注射2次，3个月后才出现淋巴水肿。第3例在右手注射2次，左手注射1次和手术1次后，1年后右手出现淋巴水肿或由于类风湿性关节炎导致的肿胀。乳腺癌手术后的患者可以安全地进行上肢干预，淋巴水肿的恶化或发生的风险较低。

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of lymphedema onset or exacerbation in patients undergoing upper extremity interventions, both nonoperative and operative, after breast cancer surgery.The study inclusion criteria were the following: (1) prior history of breast cancer surgery or lymphedema from the cancer; (2) upper extremity intervention, ipsilateral to the breast cancer side; and (3) follow-up of at least 1 month. Patients were evaluated for demographic information, type of breast cancer procedure and hand intervention, number of lymph nodes dissected, preexisting lymphedema, exacerbation of lymphedema, and new-onset lymphedema.A total of 161 patients undergoing 385 hand interventions (300 injections, 85 surgeries) were reviewed. Median follow-up was 31 months (range: 1-110). Nineteen patients had preexisting lymphedema ipsilateral to the hand procedure and none experienced an exacerbation of their lymphedema. Three patients developed new-onset lymphedema ipsilateral to their hand intervention at an average follow-up of 30 months (range: 4-67). One patient had a single injection and developed lymphedema over 5 years later. One had 2 injections in the same hand on the same date and developed lymphedema 3 months later. The third patient had 2 injections in the right hand, 1 injection and 1 surgery in the left hand, and developed either lymphedema or swelling due to rheumatoid arthritis in the right hand 1 year after the injections.Patients who have undergone breast cancer surgery can safely undergo upper extremity intervention with low risk of lymphedema exacerbation or onset.