造血干细胞移植（HSCT）是治疗T细胞淋巴母细胞瘤/白血病（T-LBL）的重要方法。为比较自体造血干细胞移植（auto-HSCT）与异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）对T细胞淋巴母细胞瘤/白血病（T-LBL）的治疗效果及影响因素，并为选择合适的移植方法和供体提供依据，我们回顾性总结了2012年3月至2021年10月河南省癌症医院接受HSCT的75例T-LBL患者的临床特征。分析了总生存率（OS）、无进展生存率（PFS）、累积复发率（CIR）、非复发性死亡率（NRM）及其影响因素。auto-HSCT组与allo-HSCT组的3年CIR（39.9% vs 31.1%，P=0.745）、3年PFS（60.1% vs 49.6%，P=0.434）和3年OS（62.8% vs 53.0%，P=0.450）之间没有显著差异。然而，allo-HSCT组的3年NRM明显较高（0% vs 27.2%，P=0.033）。多变量分析显示，HSCT后首次完全缓解（CR1）是影响较高OS（HR=2.498，P=0.029）和PFS（HR=2.576，P=0.016）的独立因素。接受HSCT的患者无纵隔侵犯是影响较好PFS（HR=2.977，P=0.029）和较低CIR（HR=4.040，P=0.027）的独立因素。在供体来源方面，不相关供体（URD）和半相合供体（HPD）组的NRM显著高于auto-HSCT组（P=0.021和P=0.003），而配型同胞供体（MSD）与auto-HSCT之间没有显著差异。与MSD-HSCT组相比，auto-HSCT组的3年CIR呈上升趋势（39.9 ± 11.1% vs 32.6 ± 11.2%，P=0.697），并呈下降趋势的3年OS（62.8 ± 11.4% vs 64.4 ± 12.2%，P=0.929）。HSCT是T-LBL患者的有效巩固治疗选择，对于无纵隔侵犯且HSCT前达到CR1的患者。对于CR1患者，auto-HSCT和MSD-HSCT是改善生存率的有效方式。对于非CR1患者且无MSD的患者，配型不相关供体和半相合移植是降低复发率和改善预后的最佳治疗选择。 版权所有 © 2023 Li, Zhang, Fan, Gui, Yu, Wang, Zhang, Zhou, Liu, Li, Ding, Song and Zhou.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important treatment for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL). To compare the efficacy and influencing factors of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) with those of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from different donors for the treatment of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL) and provide a basis for selection of appropriate transplant methods and donors.To provide evidence of appropriate transplant methods for these patients, we retrospectively summarized the clinical characteristics of 75 T-LBL patients receiving HSCT at Henan Cancer Hospital between March 2012 and October 2021. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and related factors affecting efficacy were analyzed.The 3-year CIR (39.9% vs 31.1%, P=0.745), 3-year PFS (60.1% vs 49.6%, P=0.434), and 3-year OS (62.8% vs 53.0%, P=0.450) were not significantly different between the auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups. However, the 3-year NRM was significantly higher in the allo-HSCT group (0% vs 27.2%, P=0.033). Multivariate analysis showed that the first complete remission (CR1) after HSCT was an independent influencing factor of higher OS (HR=2.498, P=0.029) and PFS (HR=2.576, P=0.016). The absence of mediastinal invasion in patients receiving HSCT was an independent influencing factor of better PFS (HR=2.977, P=0.029) and lower CIR (HR=4.040, P=0.027). With respect to the impact of donor source, the NRM in the unrelated donor (URD) and haploid donor (HPD) groups was significantly higher than that in the auto-HSCT group (P=0.021 and P=0.003, respectively), while there was no significant difference between matched sibling donors (MSD) and auto-HSCT. Compared with the MSD-HSCT group, the auto-HSCT group showed an increasing trend in 3-year CIR (39.9 ± 11.1% vs 32.6 ± 11.2%, P=0.697) and a lower trend in 3-year OS (62.8 ± 11.4% vs 64.4 ± 12.2%, P=0.929).HSCT is an effective consolidation treatment option for patients with T-LBL without mediastinal invasion and with CR1 before transplantation. For CR1 patients, auto-HSCT and MSD-HSCT are effective modalities for improving survival. In non-CR1 patients without an MSD, matched unrelated donors and haploidentical donor transplantations are the best treatment options to reduce relapse and improve prognosis.Copyright © 2023 Li, Zhang, Fan, Gui, Yu, Wang, Zhang, Zhou, Liu, Li, Ding, Song and Zhou.