背景：胃肠道出血（GIB）是一种常见的紧急医疗情况，尽管经常是良性的，但可能导致相当高的发病率、死亡率和医疗费用。本研究旨在分析伊朗东南部锡斯坦-俾路支省地区上部GIB（UGIB）和下部GIB（LGIB）的内镜评估。方法：获取了伊朗东南部扎黑丹一所转诊大学附属医院中10年期间GIB患者的数据。研究了2011年至2020年间被送入阿里·伊本·艾比塔列布医院，并且完成成人患者内镜检查和结肠镜检查的21884份报告，其中5862份报告与GIB有关。排除了不完整的文件。针对5053份报告的年龄、性别和内镜诊断的信息进行了分析，并使用卡方统计检验进行了比较。结果：有3310名男性（65.6%）和1743名女性（34.4%），平均（±SD）年龄为48.4（±19.83）岁。3079名患者患有UGIB（60.8%），1974名患者患有LGIB（39.2%）。溃疡病（72.8%十二指肠溃疡和27.2%胃溃疡）被视为UGIB的主要原因（29.7%），而痔疮是LGIB的主要原因（44.2%）。Mallory-Weiss综合征在年龄<40岁的人群中显著普遍，并发生率在年龄>40岁的人群中显著高于年轻人群（P<0.001）。结论：溃疡病是最常见的病因，男性的发病率高于女性。食管胃静脉曲张是UGIB的第二常见原因。痔疮和肛裂是LGIB最常见的结肠镜检查结果。UGIB和LGIB的发生率在男性中比女性更常见，并且随着年龄的增长而增加。医生不断更新有关本地区疾病谱和其随时间变化的信息，以提供准确的诊断和及时的治疗至关重要。©2023 中东消化疾病杂志。

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is an emergency medical situation that is very common, although often benign but can cause considerable morbidity and mortality and health care costs. The aim of this study was to analyze the endoscopic evaluation of upper GIB (UGIB) and lower GIB (LGIB) in Sistan and Balouchestan, southeast Iran. Methods: Data from patients with GIB in a referral university-affiliated hospital in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran during a 10-year period, were obtained. A total of 21884 reports of adult patients' endoscopy and colonoscopy from 2011 to 2020 who were admitted to Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb hospital were studied of which 5862 reports were related to GIB. Incomplete files were excluded. Information on age, sex, and endoscopic diagnosis of the 5053 reports was analyzed and compared using chi-square statistical test. Results: There were 3310 men (65.6%) and 1743 women (34.4%) with a mean (±SD) of age 48.4 (±19.83) years. 3079 patients had UGIB (60.8%) and 1974 patients had LGIB (39.2%). Peptic ulcer (72.8% duodenal ulcer and 27.2% gastric ulcer) was seen as the main reason for UGIB (29.7%) and hemorrhoids were the main reason for LGIB (44.2%). Mallory-Weiss syndrome was significantly common in the age<40 years old, and the incidence rate of malignancy was significantly higher in those aged>40 years old than in the younger age group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Peptic ulcer was the most common etiological factor and it was more common in men than in women. Gastroesophageal varices were the second most common cause of UGIB. Hemorrhoids and anal fissures were observed as the most common colonoscopic findings of LGIB. The prevalences of UGIB and LGIB are more common in men than women and increase with age. It is important for physicians to constantly update their information about the spectrum of diseases in their region and their changing over time to provide accurate diagnosis and management timely.© 2023 Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.