中枢神经系统白血病（CNSL）是急性白血病治疗失败的突出浸润原因。当前的预防方案已经降低了复发率和预后。然而，对于复发或难治患者的风险重新分层和治疗方案的准确确定仍是临床挑战，有待解决。最近，造血干细胞移植（HSCT）和嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）细胞疗法在一些CNSL患者中显示出良好效果，CNSL治疗方面的进展已经有所报道。分子靶向药物的开发以及基于抗体的药物将为患者提供更个体化的治疗。本文总结了关于成人CNSL患者风险因素、诊断、预防和治疗的最新研究进展。 © 2023作者。由Wolters Kluwer Health Inc.代表中国医学会和中国医学科学院血液学研究所和北京协和医学院出版。

Central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) is a prominent infiltration reason for therapy failing in acute leukemia. Recurrence rates and the prognosis have alleviated with current prophylactic regimens. However, the accurate stratification of relapse risk and treatment regimens for relapsed or refractory patients remain clinical challenges yet to be solved. Recently, with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cellular therapy showing encouraging effects in some CNSL patients, advances in treating CNSL have already been reported. The development of molecular targeted agents as well as antibody-based drugs will provide patients with more personalized treatment. This article summarized recent research developments about risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in adults with CNSL.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health Inc., on behalf of the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (IHCAMS).