文献中可以找到许多不同的策略来模拟离体器官生理学、组织功能和疾病，然而，大多数这些模型缺乏体内存在的生理流体动力学。在这里，我们强调液体流动对组织稳态的重要性，特别是对管腔、其他腔腔结构和间质的影响，以指出当前三维离体模型中灌流的必要性。重要的是，对不同的实验液体流动设置的优点和局限进行了讨论。最后，我们着重探讨了流体流动模型在最新的生物工程最前沿平台（如器官样和器官芯片）中的应用，作为最复杂和最生理学的临床前平台的当前挑战和未来重点。© 2023 作者。

Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms.© 2023 Author(s).