经颅放疗后，放射治疗引起的神经认知功能障碍的发病率为40-100%。它可能同时影响儿童和成人，并且不仅对患者和照顾者造成了重大负担，而且对医疗保健系统和整个社会也带来了重要影响。多种患者、肿瘤和治疗相关因素可能会导致此并发症的发生，但其病理生理机制尚不明确。希望通过引入更先进的适形放疗技术、优化剂量计算和特定的预防措施，未来将减少脑肿瘤幸存者神经认知能力下降的风险。© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Radiotherapy-induced neurocognitive dysfunction after cranial irradiation has an incidence of 40-100%. It may affect both children and adults, and represents a significant burden not only on ill individuals and their caregivers but also on the health care system and society in general. Multiple patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors may contribute to development of this complication, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are still not understood clearly. It is hoped that introduction of more advanced techniques for conformal irradiation, optimized dosimetry, and specific prophylactic measures will decrease the risk of neurocognitive decline in brain tumor survivors in the future.© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.