目的：了解中国不同级别医院的血液学家、肿瘤学家和淋巴瘤医师对慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤（SLL）的诊断和治疗的当前情况。方法：本多中心问卷调查从2021年3月到2021年7月进行，共纳入1000名符合条件的医师。采用面对面访谈和在线问卷调查相结合的方式。使用标准化问卷，涉及CLL/SLL患者的构成、疾病诊断和预后评估、伴随疾病、器官功能评估、治疗选择和BTK抑制剂等。结果：①被访医师表示，CLL/SLL患者中男性比例高于女性，年龄主要集中在61-70岁之间。②大多数被访医师进行了骨髓活检和免疫组化等测试来确诊患者，除了血液检测。③只有13.7%的被访医师完全掌握了现有指南推荐的初治适应症。④在高危预后因素的认知方面，医师对未突变的免疫球蛋白重链可变区和11q-的了解远远低于TP53突变和复杂核型这两个高危预后因素，只有17.1%的被访医师完全掌握了CLL国际预后指数评分系统。⑤在一线治疗策略中，BTK抑制剂在不同类型的患者中应用，并且医师已形成一定的理解，即BTK抑制剂应优先用于高危因素和老年患者，但实际应用在不同类型患者中的比例并不高（31.6%-46.0%）。⑥69.0%的医师在实际临床治疗中使用降低剂量的BTK抑制剂，66.8%的医师在实际临床治疗中中断了超过12天的BTK抑制剂。使用BTK抑制剂的减少或中断主要是由于不良反应，如心房颤动、严重骨髓抑制、出血和肺部感染，以及患者的支付能力和有效疾病进展控制。⑦在CLL/SLL的预后评估、治疗选择、BTK抑制剂的临床使用等方面，血液学家和肿瘤学家的认知和行为存在一些差异。结论：目前，与指南中关于诊断标准、治疗适应症、预后评估、伴随疾病评估、治疗策略选择和合理的BTK抑制剂使用等方面的建议相比，中国医师在CLL/SLL的诊断和治疗方面存在差距，尤其是由于高不良事件导致的剂量减少或BTK抑制剂中断的比例较高。

Objective: To understand the current status of diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) /small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) among hematologists, oncologists, and lymphoma physicians from hospitals of different levels in China. Methods: This multicenter questionnaire survey was conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 and included 1,000 eligible physicians. A combination of face-to-face interviews and online questionnaire surveys was used. A standardized questionnaire regarding the composition of patients treated for CLL/SLL, disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, concomitant diseases, organ function evaluation, treatment selection, and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was used. Results: ①The interviewed physicians stated that the proportion of male patients treated for CLL/SLL is higher than that of females, and the age is mainly concentrated in 61-70 years old. ②Most of the interviewed physicians conducted tests, such as bone marrow biopsies and immunohistochemistry, for patient diagnosis, in addition to the blood test. ③Only 13.7% of the interviewed physicians fully grasped the initial treatment indications recommended by the existing guidelines. ④In terms of cognition of high-risk prognostic factors, physicians' knowledge of unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable and 11q- is far inferior to that of TP53 mutation and complex karyotype, which are two high-risk prognostic factors, and only 17.1% of the interviewed physicians fully mastered CLL International Prognostic Index scoring system. ⑤Among the first-line treatment strategy, BTK inhibitors are used for different types of patients, and physicians have formed a certain understanding that BTK inhibitors should be preferentially used in patients with high-risk factors and elderly patients, but the actual use of BTK inhibitors in different types of patients is not high (31.6%-46.0%). ⑥BTK inhibitors at a reduced dose in actual clinical treatment were used by 69.0% of the physicians, and 66.8% of the physicians had interrupted the BTK inhibitor for >12 days in actual clinical treatment. The use of BTK inhibitors is reduced or interrupted mainly because of adverse reactions, such as atrial fibrillation, severe bone marrow suppression, hemorrhage, and pulmonary infection, as well as patients' payment capacity and effective disease progression control. ⑦Some differences were found in the perceptions and behaviors of hematologists and oncologists regarding the prognostic assessment of CLL/SLL, the choice of treatment options, the clinical use of BTK inhibitors, etc. Conclusion: At present, a gap remains between the diagnosis and treatment of CLL/SLL among Chinese physicians compared with the recommendations in the guidelines regarding the diagnostic criteria, treatment indications, prognosis assessment, accompanying disease assessment, treatment strategy selection, and rational BTK inhibitor use, especially the proportion of dose reduction or BTK inhibitor discontinuation due to high adverse events.