目的：探究含有10天地西他滨的异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）在急性髓系白血病（AML）/骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）治疗中的早期效果和安全性。方法：纳入2021年4月至2022年5月期间接受含有10天地西他滨的allo-HSCT治疗的31例AML/MDS患者进行分析。结果：共31例患者，其中AML（n=10），MDS-AML（n=6），CMML-AML（n=1）和MDS（n=14）。男性16例，女性15例，年龄中位数为41岁（20-55岁）。31例患者（100%）成功植入中性粒细胞和血小板，中位植入持续时间分别为12天（9-30天）和14天（9-42天）。预处理期间，有16例（51.6%）患者出现口腔黏膜炎，其中Ⅰ/Ⅱ级15例（48.4%），Ⅲ级1例（3.2%）。移植后，13例患者（41.9%）出现CMV病毒血症，6例患者（19.4%）出现出血性膀胱炎，4例患者（12.9%）出现局部感染。移植后急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）的中位时间为33天（12-111天）。aGVHD和Ⅲ/Ⅳ级aGVHD的累积发生率分别为41.9%（95% CI 26.9%-61.0%）和22.9%（95% CI 13.5%-47.5%）。无严重的慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD），轻度和中度cGVHD发生率为23.5%（95% CI 12.1%-43.6%）。截至2022年11月30日，31例患者中仅有1例复发，1年累积复发率（CIR）为3.2%（95% CI 0.5%-20.7%）。仅有1例复发患者死亡，无无复发死亡。1年总生存率（OS）和无病生存率（DFS）分别为92.9%（95% CI 80.3%-100%）和96.8%（95% CI 90.8%-100%）。结论：注入含有10天地西他滨的预处理方案的allo-HSCT可以降低复发率，并且在AML/MDS治疗中是安全可行的。

Objective: To investigate the early effect and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with a 10-day decitabine-containing conditioning regimen in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) /myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) . Methods: From April 2021 to May 2022, 31 AML/MDS patients who received allo-HSCT with a 10-day decitabine-containing conditioning regimen were analyzed. Results: AML (n=10), MDS-AML (n=6), CMML-AML (n=1), and MDS (n=14) were identified in 31 patients, 16 males, and 15 females, with a median age of 41 (20-55) yr. Neutrophils and platelets were successfully implanted in 31 patients (100%), with a median implantation duration of 12 (9-30) and 14 (9-42) days, respectively. During the preconditioning period, 16 patients (51.6%) developed oral mucositis, with 15 cases of Ⅰ/Ⅱ grade (48.4%) and one case of Ⅲ grade (3.2%). After transplantation, 13 patients (41.9%) developed CMV viremia, six patients (19.4%) developed hemorrhagic cystitis, and four patients (12.9%) developed a local infection. The median time of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) following transplantation was 33 (12-111) days. The cumulative incidence of aGVHD and Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade aGVHD was 41.9% (95% CI 26.9%-61.0%) and 22.9% (95% CI 13.5%-47.5%), respectively. There was no severe cGVHD, and mild and moderate chronic GVHD (cGVHD) incidence was 23.5% (95% CI 12.1%-43.6%). As of November 30, 2022, only one of the 31 patients had relapsed, with a 1-yr cumulative relapse rate (CIR) of 3.2% (95% CI 0.5%-20.7%). There was only one relapse patient death and no non-relapse deaths. The 1-yr overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 92.9% (95% CI 80.3%-100%) and 96.8% (95% CI 90.8%-100%), respectively. Conclusions: A 10-day decitabine-containing conditioning regimen for allo-HSCT reduced relapse and was safe and feasible in treating AML/MDS.