目的：评估E2F转录因子（E2Fs）在甲状腺癌（THCA）中的诊断和预后价值以及其与免疫浸润的关联。方法：本研究使用R语言和Human Protein Atlas（HPA）数据库检测了THCA组织中E2Fs的转录和蛋白水平。我们利用UALCAN和GEPIA2数据库分析了E2Fs水平与THCA临床病理特征的关系。利用R语言和Gene Set Cancer Analysis（GSCA）数据库研究了E2F在THCA中的预后价值。采用富集分析（ORA）和基因集富集分析（GSEA）分析了E2F家族成员的作用。利用TISIDB数据库和Tumor Immune Estimation Resource（TIMER）数据库研究了E2F表达与甲状腺癌免疫浸润水平的关系。结果：E2Fs在甲状腺癌中高度保守且很少发生突变。E2Fs在THCA中高表达，并与THCA的临床病理分期密切相关。当E2Fs高表达时，THCA患者预后较差。E2Fs在THCA中的功能可能与肾素-血管紧张素系统（Ras）信号通路、血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）信号通路、凋亡和免疫应答密切相关。关于免疫浸润，E2F表达和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞呈正相关。结论：E2Fs水平与THCA的预后和免疫浸润水平相关，表明E2Fs可能是THCA患者预后和免疫浸润细胞标志物。版权所有 © 2023 Fu, Zhou, Ji, He and Qiu.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) and their association with immune infiltration. Methods: The transcription and protein levels of E2Fs in THCA tissues were examined using the R language and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database in this research. We utilized the UALCAN and GEPIA2 databases to analyze the association between the level of E2Fs and the clinicopathological features of THCA. The prognostic utility of E2F expression in THCA was studied using the R language and the Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database. Over-representation analysis (ORA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed to analyze the effect of E2F family members. The TISIDB database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were utilized to investigate the relationship between E2F expression and the level of immune infiltration in thyroid cancer. Results: E2Fs are highly conserved in thyroid carcinoma and rarely mutated. E2Fs are strongly expressed in THCA and are highly related with the clinicopathological stage of THCA. Patients with THCA have a poor prognosis when E2Fs are highly expressed. The function of E2Fs in THCA may be closely related to the renin-angiotensin system (Ras) signaling pathway, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway, apoptosis, and immune response. With regard to the immune infiltration, E2F expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited a positive connection. Conclusion: The level of E2Fs is connected with the prognosis and immune infiltration level in THCA, revealing that E2Fs may be a prognostic and immune infiltration cell marker in THCA patients.Copyright © 2023 Fu, Zhou, Ji, He and Qiu.