癌症转移增加了疾病的复杂性并加剧了患者的死亡率。传统化疗与低效和明显的副作用相关。研究向组蛋白去乙酰化酶 (HDAC) 和抑制剂转向，因为它们对染色质结构、基因调控和与转移和癌症进展相关的细胞活动至关重要。HDAC抑制剂 (HDACi) 可以改变基因表达模式，并导致恶性肿瘤细胞的细胞周期停滞和凋亡。食品药品监督管理局已批准了几种HDACi药物，如沃尼索他、类排便圭、帕诺便圭和贝利诺便圭。中国和日本批准了一种新型选择性HDACi药物图西他诺酮，该药物可抑制1类HDAC1、HDAC2、HDAC3和2b类HDAC10。这些药物在多种癌症治疗中显示出有希望的结果，包括宫颈癌、T细胞淋巴瘤、脑癌和乳腺癌。本综述重点介绍了HDACi类别、这些抑制剂的作用机制、它们的临床前和临床疗效，以及癌症治疗中使用的最新临床试验和专利。总体而言，本综述关注2019年以后的专利和临床试验数据，以便更好地了解HDACi作为化疗药物的当前趋势。© 2023美国癌症协会。

Cancer metastasis increases the complexity of the disease and escalates patient mortality. Traditional chemotherapy has been associated with low efficacy and marked side effects. Studies pivot toward histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and inhibitors because they are critical for chromatin structure, gene regulation, and cellular activities that are linked to metastasis and cancer progression. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can alter gene expression patterns and can lead to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Several HDACi drugs like vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, and belinostat are approved by the Food and Drug Administration. China and Japan have approved the use of tucidinostat, a new subtype-selective HDACi that inhibits class 1 HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, as well as class 2b HDAC10. These drugs have shown promising results in the treatment of multiple carcinoma including cervical cancer, T-cell lymphoma, brain cancer, and breast cancer. This review highlights the HDACi classes, the mechanism of action of these inhibitors, their preclinical and clinical efficacy, and the latest clinical trials and patents used in cancer therapeutics. Overall, this review focuses on patents and clinical trials data from 2019 onward to give a better viewpoint on current trends in HDACis as chemotherapy agents.© 2023 American Cancer Society.