美国癌症学会（ACS）推荐对乳腺癌风险 > 20%的患者进行乳腺摄影术的辅助筛查。虽然其有明显的益处，但乳腺磁共振成像（MRI）筛查与假阳性结果的增加有关。该研究的目的是分析我们医院的高风险患者数据库，并评估筛查MRI检查的进行情况及其结果。我们的机构审查委员会批准了高风险乳腺癌数据库，并在2017年1月至2023年1月期间查询了被纳入该研究中的高风险乳腺癌患者的信息，通过对照分析对比了接受与未接受MRI筛查的患者。感兴趣的变量包括风险因素，背景信息，MRI筛查率，频率以及影像引导下乳腺活检的结果。在1106名高风险患者中，有254名（23%）进行了MRI筛查。 在非MRI筛查组中，852名患者中有46名（5.3%）在影像引导活检后被诊断为恶性病变，而在MRI筛查组的254名患者中有9名（3.5%）被诊断为恶性病变（p = 0.6）。MRI和非MRI引导生物检的乳腺癌检出情况之间没有显著差异。所有的恶性病变都是T1期或原位癌。进行MRI筛查的254名患者进行了185次活检，其中57%的MRI引导活检结果为良性。尽管在我们的高风险人群中增加了MRI筛查，并未发现更多的癌症诊断，但我们对高风险人群中发展乳腺癌的患者进行了非常早期的疾病诊断，强调了参与该计划的益处。© 2023年，外科肿瘤学会。

Screening MRI as an adjunct to mammography is recommended by the ACS for patients with a lifetime risk for breast cancer > 20%. While the benefits are clear, MRI screening is associated with an increase in false-positive results. The purpose of this study was to analyze our institutional database of high-risk patients and assess the uptake of screening MRI examinations and the results of those screenings.Our institutional review board-approved High-Risk Breast Cancer Database was queried for patients enrolled from January 2017 to January 2023 who were at high risk for breast cancer in a comparative analysis between those who were screened versus not screened with MRIs. Variables of interest included risk factor, background, MRI screening uptake, and frequency and results of image-guided breast biopsies.A total of 254 of 1106 high-risk patients (23%) had MRI screening. Forty-six of 852 (5.3%) patients in the non-MRI-screened cohort and nine of 254 (3.5%) patients in the MRI-screened cohort were diagnosed with a malignant lesion after image-guided biopsy (p = 0.6). There was no significant difference between MRI and non-MRI guided biopsies in detecting breast cancer. All malignant lesions were T1 or in situ disease. The 254 patients in the MRI-screened group underwent 185 biopsies. Fifty-seven percent of MRI-guided biopsies yielded benign results.Although the addition of MRI screening in our high-risk cohort did not produce a significant number of additional cancer diagnoses, patients monitored in our high-risk cohort who developed breast cancer were diagnosed at very early stages of disease, underscoring the benefit of participation in the program.© 2023. Society of Surgical Oncology.