三胆囊是一种罕见的先天性解剖异常，由于其罕见性和诊断与鉴定的困难，可能成为一项具有诊断挑战性的问题。我们进行了对于1958年至2022年之间所有已发表的文献的系统回顾。我们找到了20项以前的研究，提供了20例三胆囊的病例；我们的病例也包含在分析中，总共有21名患者。所有患者都接受了诊断性影像学检查。1985年以后，9名患者接受了超声检查，仅有2名患者能够及时识别出三胆囊。CT检查对3例患者进行了诊断，其中一例诊断正确。对于4名患者，进行了MRCP检查，所有患者均正确诊断出了三胆囊。术前影像学检查可以在21名患者中识别出9名（43%）的三胆囊；在12名患者（57%）中，诊断是术中进行的。在考虑的患者中，16/21接受了胆囊切除术。在15例中，被切除的胆囊进行了组织病理学鉴定，其中3例患者检测到黏膜的化生，而1例检测到乳头状腺癌。影像学在识别胆囊解剖变异，尤其是三胆囊方面发挥着关键作用，因为现代影像学技术可以对胆管系统的走向进行详细评估，从而进行正确的术前诊断。同时，了解这种状况与细胞增生现象和腺癌发展之间的关联是至关重要的，因为这可能会影响患者的治疗过程。© 2023. 作者。

Triple gallbladder represents a rare congenital anatomical abnormality that can be a diagnostic challenge in reason to its rarity and consequential difficulties with diagnosis and identification. A systematic review of all published literature between 1958 and 2022 was performed. We identified 20 previous studies that provided 20 cases of triple gallbladder; our case was also included in the analysis, making a total of 21 patients. All patients underwent on diagnostic imaging examinations. After 1985, 9 patients underwent US examination which allowed prompt recognition of triple gallbladder in 2 patients only. CT was performed in 3 patients and allowed the correct diagnosis in a case. In 4 patients, was performed MRCP which allowed the correct diagnosis of triple gallbladder in all patients. Preoperative imaging allows the recognition of triple gallbladder in 9 of 21 patients (43%); in 12 patients (57%) the diagnosis was intraoperative. On patients considered, 16/21 underwent cholecystectomy. In 15 cases, the excised gallbladders were submitted for histopathological characterization with detection of metaplasia of the mucosa in 3 patients, while papillary adenocarcinoma was found in one. Imaging plays a key role in the identification of the anatomical variants of gallbladder, especially triple gallbladder, as modern imaging techniques allow a detailed assessment of the course of the biliary tract for a correct preoperative diagnosis. It is also crucial to be aware of the association between this condition and the metaplasia phenomena with the development of adenocarcinoma, as this may influence the patient's course of treatment.© 2023. The Author(s).