在先天免疫信号调控中的miRNA和lncRNA。
MiRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of innate immune signaling.
发表日期：2023 Dec
作者：
Ilgiz Gareev, Manuel de Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez, Evgeniy Goncharov, Denis Ivliev, Alina Shumadalova, Tatiana Ilyasova, Chunlei Wang
来源：
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
摘要：
先天免疫系统对外部致病因子和病原体的检测和防御是机体中至关重要的机制。全面了解参与先天免疫的信号传导机制对于开发有效的诊断工具和治疗传染病至关重要。先天免疫反应是一个复杂的过程，涉及通过受体识别病原体，激活信号通路和细胞因子产生，这些都对于采取适当的对策至关重要。非编码RNA（ncRNA）是感染期间免疫应答的重要调节因子，介导机体的防御机制。然而，过度活跃的免疫反应可能导致组织损伤，而维持免疫稳态是一个复杂的过程，其中ncRNA起着重要作用。最近的研究确定了microRNA（miRNA）和长非编码RNA（lncRNA）在调控先天免疫途径中基因表达中的关键作用，从而参与抗病毒防御、肿瘤免疫和自身免疫性疾病。MiRNA通过在转录后水平上靶向mRNA的调控来调节宿主对病毒、细菌和真菌的防御机制，而lncRNA则作为竞争性RNA功能，阻止miRNA结合到mRNA上。本综述概述了miRNA和lncRNA在先天免疫中的调节作用及其机制，并强调了潜在的未来研究方向，包括新的ncRNA的表达和成熟以及ncRNA在进化中的保守性。© 2023 The Authors.
The detection and defense against foreign agents and pathogens by the innate immune system is a crucial mechanism in the body. A comprehensive understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved in innate immunity is essential for developing effective diagnostic tools and therapies for infectious diseases. Innate immune response is a complex process involving recognition of pathogens through receptors, activation of signaling pathways, and cytokine production, which are all crucial for deploying appropriate countermeasures. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of the immune response during infections, mediating the body's defense mechanisms. However, an overactive immune response can lead to tissue damage, and maintaining immune homeostasis is a complex process in which ncRNAs play a significant role. Recent studies have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as key players in controlling gene expression in innate immune pathways, thereby participating in antiviral defenses, tumor immunity, and autoimmune diseases. MiRNAs act by regulating host defense mechanisms against viruses, bacteria, and fungi by targeting mRNA at the post-transcriptional level, while lncRNAs function as competing RNAs, blocking the binding of miRNAs to mRNA. This review provides an overview of the regulatory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in innate immunity and its mechanisms, as well as highlights potential future research directions, including the expression and maturation of new ncRNAs and the conservation of ncRNAs in evolution.© 2023 The Authors.