脑部转移瘤的发生率比原发性脑肿瘤高出许多倍，影响了患有全身性癌症的很大一部分患者。进展期恶性黑色素瘤以其侵袭脑部的能力而闻名，目前的治疗选择，比如手术和放射治疗，效果不佳且会引起明显的并发症和发病率增加。本综述的目的是探究免疫治疗在黑色素瘤脑转移治疗中的最新进展和未来潜力。多种FDA批准的免疫治疗药物已被证明能够至少将这类患者的总体生存率翻倍。各个阶段的临床试验正在进行中，可用的结果令人鼓舞，显著延长了以前未经治疗的黑色素瘤脑转移患者的生存率。然而，并非所有患者都对这些免疫治疗方法有效，面临高比例的耐药病例，目前尚不清楚其耐药机制和原因。此外，在免疫治疗期间，有少部分患者会出现假性进展，由于症状的相似性很难与真正的进展区分开来。因此，迫切需要进一步研究关于黑色素瘤脑转移患者治疗效果的问题，包括从患者角度来看的治疗结果。版权所有 © 2023，Castro Fernandes等人，应用系统与发现期刊。

The incidence of tumor metastases in the brain is many times more frequent than primary brain tumors, affecting a very large share of patients suffering from systemic cancer. Advanced malignant melanoma is well known for its ability to invade the brain space and current treatment options, such as surgery and radiation therapy, are not very efficient and cause notable complications and morbidity. The aim of this review is to explore the recent advances and future potential of using immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma brain metastases. Several FDA approved immunotherapeutic drugs have shown to be able to at least double the overall survival rates in such patients. Clinical trials of varying phases are underway and available results are promising, significantly prolonging survival rates in patients with previously untreated melanoma brain metastases. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to these immunotherapies, facing a high percentage of resistant cases, without yet knowing the mechanisms and causes of resistance behind. Also, at the time of immunotherapy, a small percentage of patients is affected by pseudoprogression, which can be difficult to distinguish from true progression given the similarity of symptoms. Therefore, there is a pressing need for future research about treatment effectiveness in patients with brain metastases from melanoma, including outcomes from the perspective of patients.Copyright © 2023, Castro Fernandes et al., Applied Systems and Discoveries Journals.