水稻（Oryza L.）是全球50%以上人口的主要食物，也是世界第二大谷物作物。彩色水稻有黑色、红色、棕色和绿色等各种颜色。类黄酮苷，如花青苷-3-O-葡萄糖苷和牡丹花青苷-3-O-葡萄糖苷，是彩色水稻主要的色素，而原花青素和儿茶素-3-醇寡糖（以儿茶素为中心的合成单元）则存在于棕色水稻中。本文回顾的目的是提供关于水稻（Oryza L.）活性、研究方法以及作用机制（Oryza L.）的信息和总结。摄入彩色水稻已与多种健康益处相关，包括抗氧化活性、抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病活性和降低心血管疾病风险。水稻含有多种活性物质，如γ-谷维素、酚酸、类黄酮苷、原花青素、黄酮类化合物、类胡萝卜素和植物固醇，已经得到广泛研究并显示出多种药理活性。当前草药化合物的使用正在迅速增加，包括药理学疾病预防和治疗的实践。由于植物生物制药和保健品的研究，草药疗法已进入国际市场。通过各种药理活性，可以清楚地认识到水稻（Oryza L.）是一种受欢迎的草药。因此，可以进行更多关于水稻（Oryza L.）的研究，以调查更新、全面的药理作用，提供关于水稻（Oryza L.）活性、研究方法和作用机制的信息和概述。几种天然物质具有低水溶性、低稳定性和对光和氧敏感，并且由于活性物质的吸收可能不佳，需要对配方进行改进。为了提高来自天然成分的药理活性物质的有效性，可以考虑使用基于脂质的制剂的药物输送系统作为创新。

Rice (Oryza L.) is an essential food for more than 50 percent of the world's population and is the world's second-largest grain crop. Pigmented rice comes in various colors, such as black, red, brown, and green. Anthocyanins, like cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside, are the primary color pigments in colored rice, whereas proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ol oligosaccharides, with catechins as the central synthesis unit, are found in brown rice. This review article's aim is to give information and a summary of rice activities, research methods, also mechanisms of action (Oryza L.). Intake of pigmented rice was already associated with a number of health benefits, including antioxidant activity, anticancer, antitumor, antidiabetic activity, and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Rice contains several bioactive compounds, such as γ-oryzanol, phenolic acid, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols, which have been widely studied and shown to have several pharmacological activities. The use of current herbal compounds is rapidly increasing, including the practice of pharmacological disease prevention and treatment. Herbal remedies have entered the international market as a result of research into plant biopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Through a variety of pharmacological activities, it is clear that Oryza L. is a popular herb. As a result, additional research on Oryza L. can be conducted to investigate more recent and comprehensive pharmacological effectiveness, to provide information and an overview of Rice (Oryza L.) activities, research methods, and mechanisms of action. Several natural substances are characterized by low water solubility, low stability, and sensitivity to light and oxygen, and the potential for poor absorption of the active substances requires modification of the formulation. To improve the effectiveness of pharmacologically active substances originating from natural ingredients, drug delivery systems that use lipid-based formulations can be considered innovations.