有越来越多的证据表明，组织驻留记忆性T细胞（TRM细胞）在病毒感染的前线防御和癌症免疫监视中发挥着关键作用[1]。TRM细胞在转录、表型和功能上与循环记忆T细胞（Tcirm细胞）有明显的区别。了解TRM细胞的独特发生机制、迁移调控和生物学功能是必要的。在本综述中，我们讨论了最新对不同组织微环境中TRM细胞发育的细胞机制和明确的反应能力的认识。我们还强调了TRM细胞的转化潜力，重点关注它们在黏膜组织对多种疾病的改善保护中的建立以及在临床前和临床研究中引发TRM细胞的有效策略。©2023作者。由英国免疫学学会代表牛津大学出版社出版。保留所有权利。有关权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Mounting evidence has indicated the essential role of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells for frontline protection against viral infection and for cancer immune surveillance 1. TRM cells are transcriptionally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct from circulating memory T (Tcirm) cells. It is necessary to understand the unique ontogenetic mechanism, migratory regulation, and biological function of TRM cells. In this review, we discuss recent insights into cellular mechanisms and discrete responsiveness in different tissue microenvironments underlying TRM cell development. We also emphasize the translational potential of TRM cells by focusing on their establishment in association with improved protection in mucosal tissues against various types of diseases and effective strategies for eliciting TRM cells in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.