越来越多的研究报道了肠道微生物在结直肠癌（CRC）发展中的作用，因为它们可以受到膳食代谢的影响，并介导宿主表观遗传学的改变，最终影响CRC。特定膳食成分的摄入可以影响肠道微生物的组成和功能，它们的代谢调节重要的表观遗传学功能，可能会影响CRC的风险。肠道微生物可以通过养分代谢，包括组蛋白修饰、DNA甲基化和非编码RNA，调节表观遗传修饰。而表观遗传学又决定着肠道微生物组成，从而影响发展CRC的风险。本综述讨论了代谢重编程、肠道菌群和表观遗传学在CRC中的复杂相互作用，并突出了肠道菌群作为预防、诊断和治疗CRC的潜在生物标志物的应用。© The Author(s) 2023. 由牛津大学出版社出版。版权所有。如需权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

An increasing number of studies have reported the role of gut microbes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, as they can be influenced by dietary metabolism and mediate alterations in host epigenetics, ultimately affecting CRC. Intake of specific dietary components can affect gut microbial composition and function, and their metabolism regulates important epigenetic functions that may influence CRC risk. Gut microbes can regulate epigenetic modifications through nutrient metabolism, including histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. Epigenetics, in turn, determines the gut microbial composition and thus influences the risk of developing CRC. This review discusses the complex crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming, gut microbiota, and epigenetics in CRC and highlights the potential applications of the gut microbiota as a biomarker for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of CRC.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.