近年来，两个进展有助于我们更好地了解胶质母细胞瘤的基本生物学：一是对引人注目的瘤内异质性的描述，包括基于基因表达的细胞状态；二是发现神经-癌相互作用和癌症内部神经发育机制是胶质母细胞瘤的基本特征。在这篇观点文章中，我们旨在整合这两个进展。我们解释了这两个关键疾病特征如何由与不同但可塑的癌细胞状态相关的不同神经机制所表征：首先是单细胞主导的侵袭性部分，其次是通过起搏器样胶质母细胞瘤细胞不断激活的细胞通讯网络主导的更固实的部分。由此产生的分子和功能异质性的综合路线图有助于胶质母细胞瘤的癌症神经科学，并提出了新的治疗策略。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc.。保留所有权利。

In recent years, two developments have helped us to better understand the fundamental biology of glioblastoma: the description of a striking intratumoral heterogeneity including gene expression-based cell states, and the discovery that neuro-cancer interactions and cancer-intrinsic neurodevelopmental mechanisms are fundamental features of glioblastoma. In this opinion article, we aim to integrate both developments. We explain how two key disease features are characterized by different neural mechanisms related to distinct but plastic cancer cell states: first, the single cell-dominated invasive parts and second, the more solid parts which are dominated by communicating cell networks constantly activated by pacemaker-like glioblastoma cells. The resulting integrative roadmap of molecular and functional heterogeneity contributes to the Cancer Neuroscience of glioblastoma and suggests novel therapeutic strategies.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.