尽管在癌症的诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，与转移相关的阶段仍然主要是无法治愈的，而且是导致癌症相关死亡的主要原因。癌症的传播是通过循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）促进的，这些细胞来源于原发肿瘤或转移部位，进入血液循环，随后传播到身体的远处部位。尽管CTCs的数量较少，但它们由于在外周血液中的可获得性而引起了研究的重视。人们正积极研究CTCs，以更深入地了解癌症传播的机制，并确定治疗晚期疾病的有效策略。因此，人们将大量的努力用于建立和表征基于CTCs的相关实验模型，旨在为研究提供相关工具。在本综述中，我们概述了近期在建立CTC衍生模型（如CTC衍生异种移植物和细胞培养）方面的进展，这些模型对CTCs的研究显示出潜力。我们讨论了这些模型的优点和局限性，并通过总结CTCs和CTC衍生模型在癌症治疗决策和其作为精准医学工具的潜在未来用途来结束。© 2023. 作者。

Despite the advancements made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the stages associated with metastasis remain largely incurable and represent the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The dissemination of cancer is facilitated by circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which originate from the primary tumor or metastatic sites and enter the bloodstream, subsequently spreading to distant parts of the body. CTCs have garnered significant attention in research due to their accessibility in peripheral blood, despite their low abundance. They are being extensively studied to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer dissemination and to identify effective therapeutic strategies for advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, substantial efforts have been directed towards establishing and characterizing relevant experimental models derived from CTCs, aiming to provide relevant tools for research. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the establishment of preclinical CTC-derived models, such as CTC-derived xenografts (CDX) and cell cultures, which show promise for the study of CTCs. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these models and conclude by summarizing the potential future use of CTCs and CTC-derived models in cancer treatment decisions and their utility as precision medicine tools.© 2023. The Author(s).