为了提供关于[18F]-FDG PET（PET）在肛管癌患者中的诊断和预后价值的综合数据，本研究按照PRISMA-DTA指南进行设计。对于荟萃分析，纳入以下满足条件的发表原始文章（截至2022年12月）：对组织病理学证实的肛管癌患者评估PET用于局部区域和/或远处疾病的检测；将PET与有效的参考标准进行比较；提供计算荟萃分析估计值的原始数据。计算来自亚组的诊断测量，评估原发肿瘤检测、T分期、淋巴结和远处转移情况。还将提供关于PET的预后信息作为系统回顾进行报告。对于汇总的荟萃分析计算，采用层次方法进行。使用双变量模型找到摘要估计值。使用STATA 16进行分析。经过筛选，共有28个研究符合荟萃分析计算的条件，其中15个研究进行了描述性报告。用于区分T3/T4与其他T分期的PET综合敏感性和特异性分别为91%（95%置信区间：72%-97%）和96%（95%置信区间：88%-98%）。用于检测转移（区域和/或远处）疾病的敏感性和特异性分别为100%（95%置信区间：82%-100%）和95%（95%置信区间：90%-98%）。对于治疗反应评估，PET的敏感性和特异性分别为96%（95%置信区间：78%-99%）和86%（95%置信区间：75%-93%）。较高的术前代谢肿瘤总体积与较差的生存率相关。相反，对于达到完全代谢反应的患者，2年生存无进展率为94%（95%置信区间：91%-97%），而其他患者为51%（95%置信区间：42%-59%）（p值<0.001）。PET可能是肛管癌治疗规划和提供宝贵预后信息的有用工具。© 2023. 本文作者，独家许可Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany，Springer Nature的一部分。

To provide comprehensive data on the diagnostic and prognostic value of [18F]-FDG PET (PET) in anal canal cancer patients.This study was designed following the PRISMA-DTA guidelines. For the meta-analysis, published original articles (until December 2022) that met the following criteria were included: Evaluated PET for locoregional and/or distant disease detection in patients with histopathology-proven anal canal cancer; Compared PET with a valid reference standard; Provided crude data to calculate meta-analytic estimates. Diagnostic measurements from subgroups were calculated in evaluating primary tumour detection, T stage, lymph node and distant metastases. Articles providing prognostic information on PET were also reported as a systematic review. For pooled meta-analytic calculations, the hierarchical method was used. The bivariate model was conducted to find the summary estimates. Analyses were performed using STATA 16.After the screening, 28 studies were eligible to enter the meta-analytic calculations, and data from 15 were reported descriptively. For distinguishing T3/T4 from other T-stages, PET had pooled sensitivity and specificity of 91%(95%CI:72%-97%) and 96%(95%CI:88%-98%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic (regional and/or distant) disease were 100% (95%CI:82%-100%) and 95% (95%CI:90%-98%), respectively. For therapy response assessment, the sensitivity and specificity of PET were 96%(95%CI:78%-99%) and 86%(95%CI:75%-93%), respectively. Higher pre-treatment total metabolic tumour volume was predictive of poorer survival. Conversely, for those achieving complete metabolic response, the 2-year PFS was 94%(95%CI:91%-97%) versus 51%(95%CI:42%-59%) for others (p-value < 0.001).PET may be a useful tool for anal canal cancer therapy planning and provides valuable prognostic information.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.